The spring harvest in the Balkans has been impacted by extreme summer heat and drought, leading to a significant reduction in maize and sunflower yields. Bulgaria and Romania, the region's largest sunflower producers, have seen a 16.2% and 32.5% decrease in yields from the previous year, respectively, and a 29% and 34.7% decrease over five years. Maize yields are also down due to the drought, with Bulgaria's yields 22.5% lower than last year and 38% lower than the five-year average. The high temperatures have also increased aflatoxins in the corn. However, wheat and barley crops have thrived, with Bulgaria and Romania experiencing their best wheat harvest in a decade. The Grain Academy Conference in Varna, Bulgaria, will further discuss these challenges and opportunities for the production, processing, and trade of grain and oilseeds in the Balkans and the Black Sea region.