The Vietnamese sugar industry is in decline due to a decrease in sugarcane cultivation areas, a reduction in factories, and a drop in sugar production, leading to a reliance on imports. The industry's decline is attributed to its low competitiveness, internal inefficiencies, and the ATIGA Agreement's reduced import tax rates, resulting in cheap imported sugar from Thailand. The industry's future sustainability is uncertain due to its inefficiency compared to other crops and the need to improve competitiveness in production and product processing. Research recommendations include government policies to ensure fair chain linkage and competition, improvement in production and product processing, and mechanisms to minimize unfair competition.