Vietnam's cashew kernel exports have seen a significant decrease in both volume and value between January and November 2022, with the United States, EU countries, and China being the primary markets. The export industry, which aimed for a target of $3.2 billion, fell short due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which influenced global economic policies and trade. The Vietnam Cashew Association (Vinacas) has identified challenges such as stricter government policies on credit, cash flow, fiscal policies, and inflation, together with uncertainties in the Chinese market and the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on global supply chains and demand. Additionally, Vinacas has highlighted the need for Vietnam to increase its direct exports to high-end European markets, as it currently relies on the Netherlands as a middleman, which underscores the need for the industry to strengthen its strategy and utilization of free trade agreements to maintain competitiveness and growth in the face of these challenges.