The World Health Organization (WHO), along with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (WHOA), has maintained the global risk of avian flu (H5N1) at a low level for the public, despite the virus being detected in cattle and milk, and causing over 50% fatality rate in humans. The risk is higher for those exposed to sick birds or contaminated environments. The surge in bird deaths since 2020, due to the spread of the virus through migratory birds and outbreaks in mammals, including domestic livestock, has led to rare human infections, with all cases linked to direct contact with infected animals. Despite the concerns over the potential for epidemics and pandemics, there's no evidence of human-to-human transmission. Countries are urged to monitor and report these cases. Genomic surveillance is ongoing to understand the virus's behavior and develop new vaccines.