The text discusses the European Union Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR) requirements and the challenges it presents for smallholder coffee farmers in Timor-Leste. Compliance with the regulation, which requires traceability of coffee to specific locations, is difficult for many farmers due to lack of resources, infrastructure, and complex land rights issues. The impacts of EUDR on smallholders could lead to reduced earnings, food insecurity, and increased deforestation, yet it is unclear whether these consequences were considered in the drafting of the regulation. The text suggests that collaborative efforts and proactive measures are needed to address the root causes of deforestation, rather than excluding those at greatest risk.