Vietnam's pepper exports in 2024 saw a decrease in volume but an increase in value, reaching 249.38 thousand tons valued at 1.31 billion USD. The average export price of pepper also hit a record high of 5,280 USD/ton. The Vietnam Pepper and Spices Association (VPSA) forecasts a continued decrease in global pepper output in 2025, marking the fourth consecutive year of decline, due to climate change and the economic value of other crops. Vietnam and Brazil are expected to remain the world's top pepper exporters in 2025, while Indonesia's output may decline due to investment difficulties and unfavorable weather conditions. Global pepper prices in 2025 are projected to remain high due to reduced supply and stable demand in major markets.