The Spanish citrus industry is facing high production costs and pest issues, with South Africa emerging as a significant competitor, particularly in the European Union market. South Africa's citrus production is on the rise, with oranges, lemons, and limes seeing growth, despite challenges such as rising farm input costs and inefficient infrastructure. Egypt's orange production is also expected to increase by nearly 20% in the 2022-23 season, potentially impacting Spanish exports. The report highlights concerns over softening demand in key markets like the EU and UK due to inflation and economic downturn, while also noting that China and the US are becoming larger markets for South African citrus.