April 2023 U.S. trade data showed dairy product export sales significantly weakened, marking the worst year-over-year decline in four years. The decrease was unexpectedly large and affected multiple product categories, especially cheese. Factors contributing to the decline include global dairy demand softness and increased competition from Europe and New Zealand. Despite these headwinds, U.S. dairy exports are expected to reach near record levels in FY 2023. In contrast, demand for dairy replacement heifers is strong, with Turkey and other countries seeking to rebuild herds after foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks. Additionally, the article covers the export of U.S. hay, beef cattle heifers, and embryos, and discusses ongoing trade issues and proposed legislation to improve export logistics.