Researchers from Ghent University, the Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, and the ILVO institute in Belgium have used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to develop chicory and chicory varieties with minimal bitter substances by disabling genes responsible for their production. This breakthrough could also be applied to other vegetables like Brussels sprouts and endive. However, before these less bitter vegetables reach consumers, the research needs to be further investigated and the developed product lines expanded. The European Court of Justice's ruling in 2018 that CRISPR/Cas9 modified plants are considered genetically modified organisms and subject to the same strict regulations also pertains to this development.