The Flemish agricultural and horticultural sector, primarily composed of family businesses, is undergoing significant changes with a shift towards poultry farming driven by consumer preferences, alongside a decline in beef and pig herds. The sector is characterized by economies of scale, with fewer but larger companies and increased animal numbers per farm. Despite the sector's substantial contribution to Flemish trade, farmers and horticulturalists face income disparities, high land prices, and competition for agricultural land, challenging the sector's sustainability. Environmental concerns, including water scarcity, high greenhouse gas emissions, and compliance with the European Water Framework Directive due to nitrate leaching, further complicate the situation. However, the sector has become a net producer of electricity since 2010 through the adoption of CHPs, solar panels, and wind turbines, indicating progress in the energy transition despite ongoing environmental and legal challenges.