Iran faces a significant gap between its local oilseed production of 430,000 tons per year and its annual imports of 2.23 million tons, primarily consisting of unrefined oil, oilseeds, and a large volume of palm oil. The country relies heavily on imports to meet its vegetable oil demand, with palm oil alone accounting for about 30% of this demand. Despite efforts to reduce trans fats, the high consumption of palm oil and other edible oils, both liquid and semi-solid, has led to concerns about market shortages and the impact of smuggling, particularly from Iran to Pakistan. This smuggling contributes to significant losses for Pakistan's formal sector and its national exchequer, exacerbated by the current COVID-19 restrictions affecting palm oil production in Malaysia and the resulting surge in international palm oil prices.