This article discusses the challenges associated with identifying and naming varieties of fruit trees in Morocco, focusing on fig and pomegranate trees. Despite significant growth in fruit production in Morocco, there are technical, environmental, and social challenges, particularly regarding the use of certified and authentic varieties. The main problems include varietal confusion, synonymy, and homonymy, which complicate the identification of varieties. Molecular characterization and prospecting efforts are needed to evaluate the genetic diversity and conserve genetic resources.