Iranian pistachio, the green gold of Iran's agricultural economy

The article provides an overview of Iran's pistachio industry, highlighting its significance as a key contributor to the national economy and non-oil exports. With a history spanning over three millennia, pistachios are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and tradition. The industry has faced challenges such as water scarcity, pests, and economic sanctions but remains a leading global producer, accounting for over 30% of the world's production. Iranian pistachios are renowned for their quality and diversity, with varieties like Fandoghi, Kaleghouchi, Ahmad Aghaei, and Akbari. The cultivation of pistachios in desert and semi-desert regions, particularly in Kerman province and Rafsanjan city, is supported by the tree's resilience to dry conditions and its requirement for minimal water. The process of pistachio cultivation involves planting, growth, and harvesting, with irrigation techniques like drip irrigation helping to conserve water. Pistachios are also recognized for their nutritional benefits, including heart health advantages, making them a valuable agricultural product both economically and nutritionally.