Last year, North Korea's trade with China significantly decreased due to border closures for COVID-19 quarantine measures, leading to a 68% decline in the agricultural sector and a rise in imports of raw and subsidiary materials for food. The Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) reports that the decrease in agricultural imports and production has likely worsened the welfare of North Korean residents, with the unit price of imports falling in 2020 as the country focused on supply rather than quality. Additionally, North Korea saw a decrease in fertilizer imports, which could impact agricultural production capacity, and an increase in imports of raw and subsidiary materials for food processing, likely due to a localization policy, changes in food culture, and food shortages.