November was one of the warmest on record in Ukraine

on days when nighttime temperatures dropped below zero. The predominance of moderately warm weather with fog and drizzle on most days created favorable conditions for the growth and development of winter crops, especially late sowings. According to agrometeorologists, plant conditions were mostly good, and in some areas of central and western regions — satisfactory. Depending on sowing dates (more than half of the fields were sown in October), winter crops were in the stages of nodal root formation, third leaf development, and tillering, while very late sowings were in the stages of grain germination and seedling emergence. According to preliminary estimates, in western and most northern regions, between November 15–19, and in the rest of the territory — between November 25–30, air temperatures dropped below +5 °C, marking the onset of the “pre-winter” period. These dates for the end of autumn were 2–3 weeks later than the long-term average. According to agrometeorological ...