Italian olive oil exports have reached a record high of over 2 billion euros in the first eight months of 2024, marking a 59% increase from the same period last year and surpassing the entire 2023 exports. The United States is the primary market, followed by Germany and France. This success is largely due to the growing demand for 100% Italian certified olive oil, which makes up almost four in ten bottles produced. However, the sector faces risks such as speculative maneuvers, unjustified imports from other countries, and the spread of Xylella, a bacterium that has infected over 21 million plants in Italy. To address these challenges, the article suggests the need for strict controls, fair value recognition for producers, and efforts to contain Xylella through grafting, replanting, and research into resistant varieties.