The article discusses the increased risk of olive fly infestations in northern Italy due to climate change, which is leading to milder winters. The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, poses a threat to olive groves, especially those on warm slopes exposed to south-southwest winds. The fly's survival and reproductive patterns are influenced by temperature, with higher temperatures reducing its population and low temperatures pushing larvae deeper into the olives, making them harder to reach for chemical interventions. The article highlights the need to understand the fly's biology and climate sensitivity to develop effective pest management strategies.