Poland is the 5th largest dairy producer in the EU with the 3rd largest dairy cow herd, accounting for 1.7% of global milk production and 8.5% of EU-28 milk deliveries. The dairy industry has seen a transformation since EU accession, with increased concentration and revenues. However, raw milk production exceeds domestic consumption by about 20%, with exports playing a crucial role, mainly to EU countries. The industry faced challenges due to the pandemic, including disrupted supply chains and lower prices. Despite these challenges, milk consumption in Poland has remained stable at 227 liters per capita. The future of the global dairy industry is expected to see a decrease in the EU cattle population, but an increase in countries like India and Pakistan due to low productivity.