The article highlights the urgent need for an interim plan to rebuild the overfished Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna stock, as scientists fear a collapse within the next five years due to continued overfishing. Despite a 2016 plan by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) to reduce catches, the stock has seen an increase in catches by over 10% from 2014 to 2019. The article calls for the adoption of a conservation and management measure that rebuilds the stock based on the best scientific advice, capping catches at around 339,000 – 350,000 tonnes. Two proposals for such a plan have been tabled at the 25th Session of the IOTC, one by the EU and the other by the Maldives, Kenya, South Africa, and Comoros. The article advocates for a more precautionary and equitable approach, such as the Maldivian proposal, and urges parties to agree on an improved rebuilding plan at the current session.