A recent study by Professor Jurgen Richt of Kansas State University and Dr. Martin Beer of the Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, published in the scientific journal Nature, has found that the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b) that has spread among cattle in the United States may be transmitted through milk or the milking process rather than through the respiratory tract. This finding follows an outbreak in which the virus was detected in a dairy cow in Texas, leading to human infections and the spread of the virus across 190 dairy farms in at least 13 states. The research involved infecting calves and dairy cows with the virus and observing symptoms and transmission routes. The team highlighted the urgent need for strategies to prevent the virus from spreading in cattle, other mammals, and to humans.