A study by the University of Linköping in Sweden found that barley sprouts grew up to 50% more in 15 days when their root system was electrically stimulated using a new growing substrate called eSoil, developed by the university for hydroponics. The eSoil substrate, made from cellulose and a conductive polymer called PEDOT, is more sustainable and has lower energy consumption compared to conventional rockwool. The researchers are still investigating how electrical stimulation affects the growth process and nitrogen efficiency in the sprouts.