Pine nut exports have seen a significant increase, with a 68% rise over the past 5 years, reaching $42 million in 2021. The majority of these exports were to Italy, with Germany and the United Arab Emirates also being notable markets. Despite challenges such as insect problems and climate change, which have led to yield losses, Turkey remains a significant producer of pine nuts, particularly in the Kozak Plateau in Bergama and other regions. However, there was a 3% decrease in exports in 2021 compared to 2020. The country aims to further boost pine nut exports to $50 million in 2022.