The chairman of Bulgaria's Bread Producers' Association, Dimitar Ludiev, has expressed satisfaction with the stability of the bread and bakery market since the introduction of a higher VAT rate three years ago, crediting it for driving out the black economy and keeping prices stable. He warns that an increase in the VAT rate next year could lead to higher bread prices, as seen in other EU countries. Ludiev also addressed concerns about the potential impact of energy costs and production technologies on bread prices, stating that these factors have less impact than the VAT rate. Furthermore, he highlighted the difficulty in regulating the maximum markup of 15% that grocery stores can charge and stressed that bakeries operate with a narrow profit margin.