An online meeting by the National Academy of Agriculture, in collaboration with other bodies, discussed the potential for modern chestnut cultivation in Italy, currently ranked fourth globally. The leader in production is China, followed by Turkey and South Korea, while European countries, including Italy, have seen a decrease in production. However, a resurgence in interest and commercial opportunities are noted for the nut's quality and nutritional benefits, including high in potassium and phosphorus, and a good source of fiber and proteins with a complete amino acid profile. The meeting also highlighted the potential of chestnut waste for nutraceuticals.