The article explores the efforts to exclude Italian parmesan cheese from Russia's food embargo, imposed due to anti-Russian sanctions. The Italian Ambassador to Russia discussed the possibility of excluding Parmesan, a dairy product, given that it is lactose-free, with Russian authorities. However, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has ultimately decided against removing Parmesan from the embargo, citing technical regulations that require dairy products to have no more than 0.1 gram of lactose per liter to be considered lactose-free. The decision was based on the production technology of hard cheeses, which involves fermenting lactose, and the specific production process of Parmesan, which accelerates this fermentation, making it impossible to classify the cheese as lactose-free. This decision reflects the ongoing food counter-sanctions by Russia against countries imposing anti-Russian sanctions, with the current sanctions scheduled to end by the end of 2021.