Argentina's agricultural sector is crucial in the international market, with corn grain, soybean flour, and wheat as the primary exports. The country's phytosanitary surveillance system, led by the National Service for Food Health and Quality (Senasa) and the National Plant Health Surveillance System (Sinavimo), plays a key role in maintaining global standards and ensuring production remains pest-free. Challenges such as the 2023/2024 agricultural campaign's pest outbreaks highlight the importance of this system. Unauthorized introduction of plant products, mobility of ships and machinery, and proximity to pest outbreaks pose threats to phytosanitary status, underscoring the need for strict surveillance and cooperation between public and private sectors. Early detection of pests and rapid intervention not only stabilize local production but also comply with international trade regulations, enabling Argentina to expand its export destinations.