Camellia oleifera is a significant woody oil plant in China and plays a vital role in the country's rural industries. The planting area of Camellia oleifera is expanding rapidly, reaching 70 million mu, and the camellia oil production capacity is the highest in history. However, there are urgent problems that need to be addressed, such as the lack of quality standards, insufficient investment in science and technology, and the need for improved varieties. Efforts are being made to increase the production capacity of Camellia oleifera and ensure the safety of grain and oil in China.