Russia's primary nut productions are walnuts, hazelnuts, and pine nuts, with the latter being produced in industrial quantities. The main production regions include the Krasnodar Territory, the Stavropol Territory, the Republic of Crimea, and the North Caucasus. Despite a decline in production since 1990, there has been a revival since 2005, with over 31 thousand tons of nuts collected in 2023. However, Russia still imports over 230 thousand tons of nuts annually, primarily peanuts. Russia also exports nuts, with 25,000 tons supplied to international markets in 2022, mainly to China, the Czech Republic, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan. The export volumes increased by 71% in 2023, with pine nuts accounting for 80% of all nuts exported. The Russian government plans to introduce duties on the export of unshelled pine nuts, starting at 25% from August 1, 2024, and increasing to 50% from August 1, 2025.