A 13-year survey by APTA Regional, in partnership with the São Paulo State Department of Agriculture and Supply, has found that intercropping coffee with macadamia nuts is three times more profitable than monoculture. The research, published in the international scientific journal Food and Energy Security, found that the intercropped system was more productive, with a yield of 215%, and the two crops complemented each other, improving the use of resources such as nutrients, water, and light. The macadamia tree also acts as a windbreak, reducing wind speed by up to 60%, and provides protection from excessive heat, resulting in a 10% increase in production. This increases land use efficiency and provides a faster return on investment.