In Russia, the cost of raw milk production increased by 3.1% last month compared to August and by 9.2% compared to the same month last year, driven by higher prices for production components such as feed grain and electricity, as well as inflation, rising labor costs, and higher loan rates. Despite these increases, the rise was slightly lower than expected due to smaller wage adjustments. Since early 2017, milk production costs have surged by 83.6%, while purchase prices for raw milk have only risen by 29.5%. Currently, the average price for milk with 3.2% protein and 3.7% fat is 38.6 rubles per kilogram, marking a 22% increase from last year.