Italy and Spain are experiencing a significant drop in olive oil production, with Italy approaching a historical minimum and Spain experiencing its first decrease in over a decade, leading to a potential supply shortage. This could impact both domestic consumption and export earnings for Italy. The cause is a combination of structural issues and adverse weather conditions, including drought and the olive fly, exacerbated by the absence of significant investment in the sector. The rest of the Mediterranean is also experiencing similar challenges, with the exception of Tunisia, which has shown growth in both quantity and quality.