Crude palm oil (CPO) prices are projected to rise to an average of RM4,600 per tonne in 2025, up from RM4,200 this year, due to supply-side issues such as weather disruptions and slow replanting progress. Reduced exports from Indonesia, the world's largest palm oil producer, and global supply constraints are also contributing to the increase in palm oil prices. Demand for palm oil in biodiesel production is expected to remain robust, supported by policy mandates in Indonesia. Adverse weather conditions in Malaysia are expected to continue into the first quarter of 2025, while supply constraints are expected to affect substitute oils such as soybean and sunflower oil.