According to the International Pepper Association, global pepper prices have seen various developments. Prices for black pepper from Lampung Indonesian, Brazilian, Malaysian, and Vietnamese are at different levels, while white pepper prices from Muntok, Malaysia, and Vietnam also vary. Demand for Kampot pepper remains stable despite the global crisis, and experts predict that pepper prices will increase in the long term due to decreased supply in major consuming countries like the US and EU. Vietnam's pepper imports have decreased, while Brazil is dealing with issues related to Salmonella bacteria. Vietnam's pepper exports have increased in volume but decreased in value compared to the previous year.