South Africa has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization against the European Union over the EU's imposition of cold treatment on South African orange imports, a measure intended to prevent the spread of the 'False moth'. The complaint follows consultations between South Africa and the WTO/SPS Committee in April 2022, and the approval of the cold treatment measure by the European Commission in May 2022, amid concerns about citrus interceptions from South Africa. The measure, effective from July 14, requires South African oranges to undergo pre-cooling and specific transit temperature treatments for 25 days, with additional requirements for temperature recording and batch sampling. The EU's approach differs from international standards and will only be applied to oranges, despite the need to address false moth in other citrus hosts.