Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Buckwheat market coverage spans 143 countries.
- 1,174 exporter companies and 1,217 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 1,562 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 20 countries.
- 0 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 1.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-04-12.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Buckwheat
Analyze 1,562 supplier-linked transactions across the top 20 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Buckwheat.
Buckwheat Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Buckwheat to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Buckwheat: Brazil (+145.8%), Nepal (+89.3%), Lithuania (-80.9%).
Buckwheat Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-05, benchmark Buckwheat country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Buckwheat transaction unit prices: Peru (2.98 USD / kg), Panama (2.87 USD / kg), Colombia (2.86 USD / kg), Nepal (1.75 USD / kg), India (1.31 USD / kg), 6 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | +47.5% | 108 | 2.33 USD / kg (134,759 kg) | 2.21 USD / kg (84,247.01 kg) | 1.82 USD / kg (125,742 kg) | 1.50 USD / kg (108,560.4 kg) | 3.63 USD / kg (80,720.4 kg) | 1.06 USD / kg (74,890 kg) | ||||||
| Russia | -47.2% | 98 | 0.94 USD / kg (372,381.669 kg) | - (-) | 0.76 USD / kg (1,450.8 kg) | 1.92 USD / kg (3,581.088 kg) | 2.03 USD / kg (55,943.53 kg) | 0.72 USD / kg (56,746.92 kg) | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | +18.1% | 628 | 0.28 USD / kg (3,450,204 kg) | 0.27 USD / kg (4,677,904 kg) | 0.25 USD / kg (5,480,308 kg) | 0.29 USD / kg (4,748,339.71 kg) | 0.32 USD / kg (5,620,545.133 kg) | 0.30 USD / kg (4,219,100 kg) | ||||||
| India | +19.7% | 54 | 1.63 USD / kg (990 kg) | 2.16 USD / kg (11,335 kg) | 1.76 USD / kg (1,908 kg) | 0.54 USD / kg (138,390 kg) | 1.56 USD / kg (28,636.24 kg) | 1.31 USD / kg (2,500 kg) | ||||||
| Nepal | +89.3% | 40 | 0.57 USD / kg (135,030 kg) | 0.72 USD / kg (60,000 kg) | 0.68 USD / kg (110,241 kg) | - (-) | 0.67 USD / kg (184,030 kg) | 1.75 USD / kg (112,000 kg) | ||||||
| Lithuania | -80.9% | 8 | - (-) | 0.81 USD / kg (26,169.6 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | 0.83 USD / kg (3,000 kg) | 1.15 USD / kg (28,420 kg) | ||||||
| Argentina | +2.2% | 156 | 0.37 USD / kg (247,125.851 kg) | 0.39 USD / kg (685,190 kg) | 0.44 USD / kg (317,410 kg) | 0.43 USD / kg (821,172.17 kg) | 0.36 USD / kg (363,520 kg) | 0.37 USD / kg (516,887.83 kg) | ||||||
| Peru | -0.6% | 10 | - (-) | 2.48 USD / kg (7,000 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 2.98 USD / kg (20,160 kg) | ||||||
| Poland | -27.7% | 5 | - (-) | - (-) | 1.26 USD / kg (100 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | ||||||
| Canada | -32.4% | 5 | 2.40 USD / kg (20,000 kg) | 2.40 USD / kg (20,000 kg) | 2.40 USD / kg (40,000 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) |
Buckwheat Global Supply Chain Coverage
2,391 companies
1,174 exporters and 1,217 importers are mapped for Buckwheat.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Buckwheat, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Buckwheat Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
1,174 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Buckwheat. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Buckwheat Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 1,174 total exporter companies in the Buckwheat supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Export Partner Companies: 3
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Crop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingFood Manufacturing
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Retail
(Vietnam)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Beverage ManufacturingOthersFood PackagingCrop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingDistribution / WholesaleTradeFood Manufacturing
Exporting Countries: South Korea, Vietnam
Supplying Products: Buckwheat, Rice Crackers, Chewy Candy +5
(Lithuania)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleFarming / Production / Processing / Packing
(India)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-12
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Trade
(Brazil)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food WholesalersFood ManufacturingAnimal Production
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingFood ManufacturingDistribution / Wholesale
Buckwheat Global Exporter Coverage
1,174 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Buckwheat supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Buckwheat opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Buckwheat (HS Code 110429) in 2024
For Buckwheat in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 41,162,742.221 kg | 26,343,714.901 USD | View → |
| 2 | Ukraine | 36,909,305.77 kg | 21,532,550.73 USD | View → |
| 3 | Turkiye | 43,599,876 kg | 21,136,961 USD | View → |
| 4 | Denmark | 58,124,957 kg | 18,894,803.535 USD | View → |
| 5 | Netherlands | 13,505,540.718 kg | 13,639,476.657 USD | View → |
| 6 | Czechia | 44,323,163.68 kg | 12,450,493 USD | View → |
| 7 | Lithuania | 12,280,173.3 kg | 12,428,663 USD | View → |
| 8 | Poland | 15,931,196 kg | 9,896,007 USD | View → |
| 9 | Italy | 7,526,328 kg | 9,867,815.871 USD | View → |
| 10 | United States | 16,742,417 kg | 9,813,621 USD | View → |
Buckwheat Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Buckwheat exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Buckwheat Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
1,217 importer companies are mapped for Buckwheat demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Buckwheat Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 1,217 total importer companies tracked for Buckwheat. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(Germany)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 1 - 10 Employees
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(United Arab Emirates)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-12
Industries: OthersFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Beverage ManufacturingOnline Retail And FulfillmentFood Services And Drinking PlacesBrokers And Trade AgenciesFood WholesalersOthersFreight Forwarding And IntermodalFood PackagingCrop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(Latvia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-02-23
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 1 - 10 Employees
Industries: Brokers And Trade AgenciesFood ManufacturingFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: -
(United Arab Emirates)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food WholesalersFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(Iraq)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-12
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
1,217 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Buckwheat.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Buckwheat buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Buckwheat (HS Code 110429) in 2024
For Buckwheat in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | 34,883,844 kg | 27,839,768.679 USD | View → |
| 2 | Germany | 24,112,337.119 kg | 22,667,412.916 USD | View → |
| 3 | United States | 32,247,053.57 kg | 21,697,791 USD | View → |
| 4 | Netherlands | 119,107,414.397 kg | 18,159,709.605 USD | View → |
| 5 | Canada | 10,238,004.238 kg | 12,141,741.858 USD | View → |
| 6 | Uzbekistan | 42,065,750 kg | 11,562,857.99 USD | View → |
| 7 | Israel | 12,071,439.452 kg | 10,590,000 USD | View → |
| 8 | Italy | 12,341,181 kg | 8,847,173.31 USD | View → |
| 9 | Romania | 31,147,309.6 kg | 8,183,047.97 USD | View → |
| 10 | Belgium | 7,715,858.74 kg | 6,439,920.504 USD | View → |
Buckwheat Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Buckwheat origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Buckwheat
Buckwheat Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Buckwheat wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Buckwheat wholesale unit prices: South Korea (2.10 USD / kg), Ukraine (0.83 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukraine | 0.66 USD / kg | 0.67 USD / kg | 0.64 USD / kg | 0.63 USD / kg | 0.79 USD / kg | 0.83 USD / kg | ||||||
| Poland | 1.53 USD / kg | 1.54 USD / kg | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| South Korea | 1.81 USD / kg | 1.50 USD / kg | 1.59 USD / kg | 1.76 USD / kg | 1.95 USD / kg | 2.10 USD / kg | ||||||
| Taiwan | 2.72 USD / kg | 2.87 USD / kg | 2.83 USD / kg | 3.42 USD / kg | - | - |
Buckwheat Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Buckwheat wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 4 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
Latest Buckwheat Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Buckwheat wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-01 | Каш* ******* * ****** ******** **** *** * ******* **** | 1.16 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | Каш* ******* ******* * ********** **** *** * ******* **** | 0.90 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | 蕎頭-** * ***** *** | 2.61 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | !Гр**** ** ** ******* * ******* **** | 1.61 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | Кру** ******* ****** * *** * ******* **** | 1.40 USD / kg |
Global Farmgate Supplier Price Trends by Country for Buckwheat
Buckwheat Monthly Farmgate Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Buckwheat farmgate unit-price benchmarks by country to monitor supplier-side cost movement.
In 2025-05, countries with visible Buckwheat farmgate unit prices: Ukraine (0.58 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukraine | 0.58 USD / kg | - | - | - | - | - |
Buckwheat Farmgate Cost Trends by Major Exporting Supplier Countries
Compare Buckwheat farmgate price levels and YoY changes across the top 1 exporting countries to understand origin-side supplier cost structure.
Latest Buckwheat Farmgate Export Cost Updates
Review the latest 1 Buckwheat farmgate updates to monitor origin-side export cost and supplier pricing shifts.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-06-01 | Buc****** * * ****** * | 580.54 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormDried
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Commodity GroupPseudocereal grain (buckwheat)
Scientific NameFagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat); Fagopyrum tataricum (tartary buckwheat)
PerishabilityLow
Growing Conditions
- Temperate to cool-temperate climates; generally short-season annual
- Sensitive to heat and drought stress during flowering; performance depends on rainfall and temperature patterns
- Prefers well-drained soils; often integrated into crop rotations in grain-producing regions
Main VarietiesCommon buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat
Consumption Forms
- Dehulled groats (kasha) for cooking
- Milled flour for noodles (e.g., soba) and baking blends
- Ingredients for health-positioned and gluten-free products
- Animal feed (in some markets, depending on grade and availability)
Grading Factors
- Moisture and storability condition
- Foreign matter and cleanliness
- Kernel damage and discoloration
- Pest/infestation status
- Residues and contaminant compliance for food-grade shipments
Planting to HarvestShort-season annual crop harvested within the same growing season; timing varies by region, variety, and cropping system.
Market
Buckwheat is a globally traded pseudocereal grain used for groats (kasha), flour, and noodle products (notably soba), with demand concentrated in parts of Eastern Europe and East Asia. Global production is concentrated in temperate Eurasia, with Russia and China consistently among the leading producers, and notable output also present in Ukraine and parts of the EU. Trade flows are shaped by harvest variability in rainfed regions and by geopolitical and logistics disruptions affecting Black Sea and Eurasian corridors. Market dynamics are influenced by both staple/culinary demand in traditional consuming regions and niche growth in health-oriented and gluten-free product segments.
Market GrowthMixed (recent years and medium-term outlook)Stable demand in traditional consuming regions with selective growth in health-oriented and gluten-free product segments.
Major Producing Countries
- RussiaConsistently among the largest global producers in FAO production statistics.
- ChinaMajor producer; both common and tartary buckwheat are cultivated in multiple regions.
- UkraineSignificant regional producer within Eastern Europe; production and trade can be sensitive to conflict-related disruption.
- FranceNotable EU producer; buckwheat is associated with established food uses (e.g., buckwheat flour products).
- KazakhstanProducer in the broader Eurasian grain belt; output is variable by season.
Major Exporting Countries
- RussiaKey exporter in global trade datasets for HS buckwheat; export availability can shift with domestic policy and harvest outcomes.
- ChinaExporter of buckwheat grain and processed buckwheat ingredients; important for East Asian supply chains.
- UkraineExport participation is sensitive to Black Sea logistics and domestic conditions.
- PolandEU-linked exporter/shipper in some trade corridors; roles may include regional redistribution.
- United StatesSmaller exporter relative to top Eurasian origins; participates in North American supply and niche markets.
Major Importing Countries
- JapanMajor import market driven by soba noodle demand; imports both grain and flour depending on supply conditions.
- South KoreaImport market with traditional food uses (buckwheat noodles and related products).
- United StatesImports for milling, health-food retail, and ingredient use; volumes can be niche relative to major cereals.
- NetherlandsEU logistics and distribution gateway; may appear as an import hub in trade flow data.
Supply Calendar
- Russia:Aug, Sep, OctNorthern Hemisphere late-summer to autumn harvest window in major producing regions.
- Ukraine:Aug, SepTemperate-zone harvest concentrated in late summer; logistics constraints can affect export timing.
- China:Aug, Sep, OctHarvest timing varies by region and cropping system, but peak arrivals commonly align with late summer to autumn.
- France (EU):Aug, SepEU harvest window broadly aligns with late summer; product may be milled into flour for food uses.
Specification
Major VarietiesCommon buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Physical Attributes
- Triangular groats/achenes typically requiring dehulling before food use
- Distinct nutty flavor profile; flour characteristics vary by variety and milling
Compositional Metrics
- Buyer specifications commonly include moisture control to reduce mold risk and maintain storability
- Polyphenol/rutin-related functional attributes are more emphasized for tartary buckwheat in some markets
Grades
- Commercial specifications commonly reference limits for foreign matter, damaged kernels, and contamination (food vs feed grade)
- Importing markets may require compliance with national maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides and contaminants
Packaging
- Bulk shipments in containers (bagged or in large sacks) for grain trade
- Retail packs for groats and flour; industrial packs for milling and noodle production
ProcessingDehulling to produce groats (kasha) is a key processing step; milling yields buckwheat flour for noodles and baking blendsHeat treatment/roasting may be used in some supply chains to develop flavor and stabilize groats, depending on end use
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Harvest → cleaning/aspiration → drying to safe storage moisture → storage and pest management → bulk export/import logistics → dehulling (groats) and/or milling (flour) → food manufacturing (noodles, groats packs) → distribution
Demand Drivers
- Traditional staple and culinary demand in Eastern Europe and East Asia (groats/kasha, soba and other noodle products)
- Ingredient demand for gluten-free and health-positioned foods in higher-income markets
- Use as an agronomic rotation/cover crop in some producing regions, indirectly supporting supply availability
Temperature
- Ambient storage is typical; keeping grain cool, dry, and protected from moisture is critical for quality retention and mold prevention
- Insect pest management and sanitation in storage and transit are important for food-grade shipments
Shelf Life
- Whole grain can store for extended periods when kept dry and protected from pests; flour is more sensitive to quality loss and requires tighter storage control
Risks
Geopolitics And Trade Disruption HighGlobal buckwheat supply is meaningfully exposed to Eurasian production and logistics corridors; conflict, sanctions, port/rail constraints, or export policy shifts affecting the Black Sea and wider region can quickly tighten availability and increase price volatility in import-dependent markets (notably in East Asia).Qualify multiple origins and suppliers, maintain safety stocks for key SKUs (grain/groats/flour), and monitor policy and logistics indicators for Black Sea and overland corridors.
Climate HighBuckwheat yields can be sensitive to heat and moisture stress during flowering and grain fill; drought or heatwaves in concentrated producing regions can reduce output and tighten exportable surplus.Diversify origin portfolios across multiple temperate regions and contract for flexible specifications that allow substitution between origins when quality parameters remain compliant.
Food Safety MediumFood-grade buckwheat can face compliance risks related to contaminants and residues (e.g., mycotoxin concerns under poor drying/storage conditions, pesticide MRLs, and foreign matter), which can trigger border rejections and reputational risk.Apply robust supplier approval, require COAs aligned to target market regulations, and ensure validated drying/storage and cleaning controls in origin and transit.
Logistics MediumBulk handling and long-distance transport increase risks of moisture ingress, infestation, and quality deterioration, especially where storage infrastructure and fumigation/alternatives are constrained.Use appropriate liners and moisture control, specify inspection points (pre-shipment and arrival), and implement integrated pest management in storage.
Regulatory Compliance MediumImport requirements for grains and grain products (food safety, labeling, and phytosanitary expectations) differ across major markets, creating compliance friction for exporters and processors.Map requirements per destination market and align contracts, testing plans, and documentation (including phytosanitary and food-safety certifications) to the strictest applicable standard.
Sustainability
- Climate and rainfall variability in major rainfed producing regions can drive yield swings and trade volatility
- Soil health and crop-rotation considerations in temperate grain systems; sustainability narratives may include low-input production claims that still require verification by origin
Labor & Social
- Seasonal labor needs during harvest and post-harvest handling in major producing regions; labor standards and traceability expectations can vary by origin and buyer program
FAQ
Which countries are the major global producers of buckwheat?Russia and China are consistently among the largest buckwheat producers in global agricultural statistics, with notable production also in Ukraine and parts of the European Union such as France. For the most defensible country rankings by year, consult FAO FAOSTAT.
What are the main types of buckwheat traded internationally?International trade includes common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat as the main botanical types, with shipments moving as whole grain (for dehulling into groats) and as milled products such as buckwheat flour for noodles and other foods.
What HS code is commonly used for buckwheat trade statistics?Buckwheat is commonly tracked under the Harmonized System heading for other cereals, and many tariff schedules identify buckwheat specifically under HS 1008.10. For official classification conventions, use WCO HS references and the reporting structure in UN Comtrade/ITC Trade Map.
Sources
Buckwheat Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Buckwheat market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
All country market pages: China, Russia, Japan, Italy, Ukraine, United States, France, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Latvia, Canada, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Azerbaijan, Turkiye, Brazil, Belarus, Czechia, India, Serbia, Belgium, United Kingdom, Vietnam, Israel, Senegal, South Korea, Switzerland, Denmark, Moldova, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Estonia, Norway, Finland, Laos, Spain, Hungary, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Argentina, Hong Kong, Austria, Malaysia, Morocco, Peru, Croatia, Nigeria, Georgia, Sweden, Ireland, Australia, Uzbekistan, Lesotho, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Tajikistan, Chile, Turkmenistan, New Zealand, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Mongolia, Armenia, Romania, Uruguay, Greece, Egypt, Slovakia, Kenya, Taiwan, Kyrgyzstan, Andorra, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Bermuda, Brunei, Bolivia, Bahamas, Botswana, Belize, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Jamaica, Jordan, Cambodia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Luxembourg, Libya, Montenegro, Madagascar, Macedonia, Myanmar [Burma], Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nicaragua, Nepal, Oman, Panama, Philippines, Pakistan, Portugal, Paraguay, Qatar, El Salvador, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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