Derived Products
HS Code
081090
Last Updated
2026-04-16
Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Fresh Jackfruit market coverage spans 141 countries.
- 624 exporter companies and 923 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 16,787 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 12 countries.
- 0 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 0.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-04-16.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Fresh Jackfruit
Analyze 16,787 supplier-linked transactions across the top 12 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Fresh Jackfruit.
Fresh Jackfruit Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Fresh Jackfruit to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Fresh Jackfruit: Thailand (-87.6%), Sri Lanka (-42.1%), Uganda (+33.0%).
Fresh Jackfruit Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-05, benchmark Fresh Jackfruit country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Fresh Jackfruit transaction unit prices: United States (11.29 USD / kg), Sri Lanka (2.64 USD / kg), Philippines (2.23 USD / kg), Mexico (1.09 USD / kg), India (0.86 USD / kg), 4 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | -27.4% | 3,320 | 0.88 USD / kg (128,372.39 kg) | 0.88 USD / kg (300,248.738 kg) | 0.70 USD / kg (657,733.92 kg) | 0.75 USD / kg (150,441.22 kg) | 1.07 USD / kg (78,526.1 kg) | 0.86 USD / kg (7,178.2 kg) | ||||||
| South Africa | -2.8% | 229 | 0.40 USD / kg (114.5 kg) | 0.40 USD / kg (97.25 kg) | 0.40 USD / kg (93 kg) | 0.42 USD / kg (72.25 kg) | 0.42 USD / kg (105 kg) | 0.40 USD / kg (220.75 kg) | ||||||
| Philippines | +13.0% | 147 | 2.22 USD / kg (10,597.62 kg) | 3.52 USD / kg (3,585.7 kg) | 2.58 USD / kg (9,917.92 kg) | 1.70 USD / kg (9,679.58 kg) | 2.86 USD / kg (14,801.4 kg) | 2.23 USD / kg (13,059.36 kg) | ||||||
| United States | +32.5% | 35 | - (-) | 11.29 USD / kg (25 kg) | 11.29 USD / kg (18 kg) | 11.29 USD / kg (8 kg) | 11.29 USD / kg (10 kg) | 11.29 USD / kg (43 kg) | ||||||
| Vietnam | -16.4% | 12,361 | 0.50 USD / kg (28,154,647.81 kg) | 0.36 USD / kg (13,712,030.62 kg) | 0.43 USD / kg (9,519,504.36 kg) | 0.47 USD / kg (12,167,168.34 kg) | 0.55 USD / kg (7,399,436.51 kg) | 0.40 USD / kg (11,500,713.72 kg) | ||||||
| Mexico | +14.4% | 540 | 1.02 USD / kg (601,530.468 kg) | 1.02 USD / kg (568,928.97 kg) | 1.11 USD / kg (648,300.56 kg) | 0.85 USD / kg (709,506.26 kg) | 0.93 USD / kg (595,439.992 kg) | 1.09 USD / kg (283,318.62 kg) | ||||||
| Thailand | -87.6% | 58 | 0.20 USD / kg (26,271.6 kg) | - (-) | 1.77 USD / kg (6,780 kg) | - (-) | 1.53 USD / kg (4,827.36 kg) | 0.20 USD / kg (180,000 kg) | ||||||
| China | -20.8% | 28 | 0.53 USD / kg (64,600 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | 0.84 USD / kg (254 kg) | ||||||
| Uganda | +33.0% | 4 | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | ||||||
| Sri Lanka | -42.1% | 63 | 2.83 USD / kg (140 kg) | 2.62 USD / kg (60 kg) | 2.87 USD / kg (798 kg) | 2.60 USD / kg (5,492.88 kg) | 2.68 USD / kg (7,009 kg) | 2.64 USD / kg (9,417.52 kg) |
Fresh Jackfruit Global Supply Chain Coverage
1,547 companies
624 exporters and 923 importers are mapped for Fresh Jackfruit.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Fresh Jackfruit, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Fresh Jackfruit Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
624 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Fresh Jackfruit. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Fresh Jackfruit Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 624 total exporter companies in the Fresh Jackfruit supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Vietnam)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / Wholesale
(Vietnam)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Beverage ManufacturingFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: TradeDistribution / WholesaleFarming / Production / Processing / Packing
(Vietnam)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 2
Industries: Crop ProductionAnimal ProductionFood ManufacturingFood Services And Drinking Places
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleFarming / Production / Processing / PackingFood ManufacturingRetail
(Hong Kong)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-12-02
Recently Export Partner Companies: 2
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: Trade
(Vietnam)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food PackagingBeverage ManufacturingFood ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingFood ManufacturingTradeDistribution / Wholesale
(Vietnam)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Crop ProductionFood ManufacturingFood WholesalersFood PackagingOnline Retail And FulfillmentFood Services And Drinking PlacesOthersBeverage ManufacturingGrocery Stores
Value Chain Roles: TradeFood ManufacturingRetailDistribution / WholesaleFarming / Production / Processing / Packing
Fresh Jackfruit Global Exporter Coverage
624 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Fresh Jackfruit supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Fresh Jackfruit opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Fresh Jackfruit (HS Code 081090) in 2024
For Fresh Jackfruit in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thailand | 604,140,914.867 kg | 667,535,022.8 USD | View → |
| 2 | Netherlands | 86,055,213 kg | 362,574,826.936 USD | View → |
| 3 | Ecuador | 61,720,919.93 kg | 216,580,889.485 USD | View → |
| 4 | Egypt | 53,026,019.978 kg | 171,520,196.44 USD | View → |
| 5 | Turkiye | 150,795,266 kg | 164,219,723 USD | View → |
| 6 | Spain | 54,078,945.92 kg | 117,239,427.117 USD | View → |
| 7 | India | 89,657,134.77 kg | 93,079,030.168 USD | View → |
| 8 | United States | 26,218,700 kg | 73,697,590 USD | View → |
| 9 | Mexico | 60,190,671 kg | 60,906,272 USD | View → |
| 10 | Belgium | 25,436,920 kg | 38,269,686.645 USD | View → |
Fresh Jackfruit Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Fresh Jackfruit exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Fresh Jackfruit Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
923 importer companies are mapped for Fresh Jackfruit demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Fresh Jackfruit Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 923 total importer companies tracked for Fresh Jackfruit. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: OthersFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Vietnam)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Crop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-06-11
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: -
(China)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-01-29
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Brokers And Trade AgenciesOthersFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Vietnam)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-05-05
Recently Import Partner Companies: 2
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food PackagingBeverage ManufacturingFood WholesalersFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
923 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Fresh Jackfruit.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Fresh Jackfruit buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Fresh Jackfruit (HS Code 081090) in 2024
For Fresh Jackfruit in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 275,685,098 kg | 376,237,668 USD | View → |
| 2 | Netherlands | 75,190,595 kg | 240,077,237.738 USD | View → |
| 3 | Germany | 61,116,273.234 kg | 198,676,075.823 USD | View → |
| 4 | Hong Kong | 90,763,189 kg | 122,042,304.438 USD | View → |
| 5 | Canada | 35,401,134 kg | 109,880,127.07 USD | View → |
| 6 | United Kingdom | 33,476,515 kg | 101,205,241.941 USD | View → |
| 7 | India | 57,062,057 kg | 63,134,063.618 USD | View → |
| 8 | Italy | 26,342,419 kg | 56,992,234.402 USD | View → |
| 9 | Thailand | 35,483,477 kg | 49,000,972.15 USD | View → |
| 10 | Belgium | 16,031,660.74 kg | 38,912,802.142 USD | View → |
Fresh Jackfruit Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Fresh Jackfruit origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Fresh Jackfruit
Fresh Jackfruit Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Fresh Jackfruit wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Fresh Jackfruit wholesale unit prices: Brazil (0.69 USD / kg), Malaysia (0.62 USD / kg), Thailand (0.48 USD / kg), India (0.24 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | 0.26 USD / kg | 0.22 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.27 USD / kg | 0.26 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg | ||||||
| Thailand | 0.55 USD / kg | 0.51 USD / kg | 0.50 USD / kg | 0.56 USD / kg | 0.50 USD / kg | 0.48 USD / kg | ||||||
| Malaysia | 0.69 USD / kg | 0.74 USD / kg | 0.72 USD / kg | 0.67 USD / kg | 0.69 USD / kg | 0.62 USD / kg | ||||||
| Brazil | 0.76 USD / kg | 0.77 USD / kg | 0.71 USD / kg | 0.78 USD / kg | 0.78 USD / kg | 0.69 USD / kg | ||||||
| Australia | 3.84 USD / kg | 4.21 USD / kg | - | - | - | - |
Fresh Jackfruit Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Fresh Jackfruit wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 5 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
| Rank | Country | Average | Lower | Upper | YoY | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 0.28 USD / kg | 0.01 USD / kg | 0.64 USD / kg | -4.3% | View → |
| 2 | Thailand | 0.54 USD / kg | 0.22 USD / kg | 0.96 USD / kg | -8.3% | View → |
| 3 | Malaysia | 0.69 USD / kg | 0.46 USD / kg | 1.18 USD / kg | - | View → |
| 4 | Brazil | 0.70 USD / kg | 0.27 USD / kg | 1.01 USD / kg | +6.9% | View → |
| 5 | Australia | 3.90 USD / kg | 3.01 USD / kg | 4.27 USD / kg | -4.1% | View → |
Latest Fresh Jackfruit Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Fresh Jackfruit wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-01 | Jac* **************** ***** ***** * * * ************ *********** ****** **** | 0.36 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | Jac* **************** ***** ***** * * * ************ *** ** ***** ******* **** | 0.24 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | Jac* **************** ***** ***** * * * ************ ****** ******* ***** **** | 0.27 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | Jac* **************** ***** ***** * * * ************ ****** *********** ***** **** | 0.31 USD / kg | |
| 2026-04-01 | Phe******* * **** ***** * ***** **** * | 0.58 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeRaw Material
Product FormFresh
Industry PositionPrimary Agricultural Product
Raw Material
Commodity GroupTropical Fruit
Scientific NameArtocarpus heterophyllus
PerishabilityHigh
Growing Conditions
- Warm, humid tropical conditions with good drainage
- Well-drained, sandy loam soils are commonly cited as suitable
- High rainfall environments are commonly associated with best performance (with some drought tolerance once established reported)
Main VarietiesFirm-fleshed group (varikka/crisp type), Soft-fleshed group (koozha/wet type), Yellow flesh group, Yellowish-orange flesh group
Consumption Forms
- Ripe arils eaten fresh
- Immature (green) fruit cooked as a vegetable
- Seeds boiled/roasted/steamed
- Fresh-cut arils/fruitlets
- Frozen formats (pulp/arils) in downstream markets
Grading Factors
- Fruit size
- Shape
- Color (maturity stage)
- Freedom from defects (sunburn, cracks, bruises) and decay
Planting to HarvestCommonly reported as about 2 to 3 years to first fruiting for grafted trees (seedling trees can take substantially longer).
Market
Fresh jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a tropical, highly seasonal fresh fruit trade item with production concentrated in South and Southeast Asia, led by India and Bangladesh. Global trade visibility is constrained because jackfruit is frequently classified within broader "other fresh fruit" tariff headings, limiting clean product-specific trade statistics. Commercial exports tend to focus on mature-green fruit for transport and on fresh-cut arils for domestic and nearby regional markets, with handling shaped by latex, bruising risk, and chilling injury constraints. Market development is closely tied to postharvest loss reduction and consistent quality from highly variable, cross-pollinated planting material.
Market GrowthGrowing (medium-term outlook)selective expansion in niche fresh and fresh-cut channels alongside rising value-chain development programs in major producing countries
Major Producing Countries
- IndiaLargest producer; origin center in the Western Ghats and a major cultivation base in South Asia.
- BangladeshWorld’s second-largest producer; strong seasonal peak and high postharvest loss risk in the main harvest window.
- ThailandWidely planted and available year-round with a documented peak period in April–May; relevant in regional fresh supply.
- VietnamNotable Southeast Asian production with a documented March–June peak in the Mekong Delta region.
Supply Calendar
- Thailand:Apr, MayYear-round availability reported with an April–May peak; storage guidance aligns with 12–14°C and high RH.
- Viet Nam (Mekong Delta, southern region):Mar, Apr, May, JunSouthern Viet Nam harvest season reported as March–June.
- Bangladesh:Jun, Jul, AugShort seasonal fruiting commonly reported as June–August (with notable waste risk during the glut).
- India (peninsular production, example seasonal calendar):Apr, May, Jun, Jul, AugReported harvesting window in an India case calendar spans April–August; timing varies by agro-ecology and cultivar.
Specification
Major VarietiesFirm-fleshed group (varikka/crisp type), Soft-fleshed group (koozha/wet type), Yellow flesh group, Yellowish-orange flesh group, Singapore/Sri Lanka jack (precocious type reported in Kerala recommendations)
Physical Attributes
- Very large syncarp fruit with spiky rind; size and weight vary widely by cultivar and production area
- Latex exudation is common and requires handling/cleaning steps in preparation
- Color change from green to yellowish-green is used as a practical harvest indicator for long-distance transport maturity
- Buyer-facing quality is commonly judged by size, shape, color, and freedom from defects (sunburn, cracks, bruises) and decay
Packaging
- Whole fruit is commonly harvested with a portion of stalk attached to aid handling and reduce damage
- Protective packing is important to prevent rind cracking/bruising during long-distance transport
- Fresh-cut arils/fruitlets are a common retail format in producing markets, increasing hygiene and temperature-control requirements
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Harvest (mature-green for transport) with stalk attached -> surface cleaning and latex management -> sorting/grading (size/shape/defects) -> protective packing -> refrigerated distribution near 12–14°C -> ripening/retail (whole) or conversion to fresh-cut arils in destination markets
Demand Drivers
- Dual-use demand: ripe fruit consumed fresh while immature fruit is cooked as a vegetable, supporting year-round culinary use in core markets
- Convenience demand for fresh-cut arils/fruitlets in producing countries and diaspora-oriented retail channels
- Food-loss reduction and value-chain programs that expand marketable formats beyond whole fruit
Temperature
- Optimum storage temperature around 13°C (commonly expressed as 12–14°C) with high relative humidity; cold-chain continuity is important for preserving quality
- Chilling injury risk increases when fruit is exposed to temperatures below ~12°C
Shelf Life
- Potential postharvest life reported at roughly 2–4 weeks under optimum temperature and humidity, depending on cultivar and maturity stage
Risks
Phytosanitary Market Access HighFresh jackfruit trade can be abruptly constrained by quarantine pest risks associated with tephritid fruit flies (notably Bactrocera dorsalis), triggering strict import protocols, treatment requirements, or shipment rejection when compliance fails. Because fruit flies have wide host ranges and are actively regulated, market access and logistics reliability can be disrupted even when supply is available.Maintain orchard and packinghouse pest monitoring, apply approved pre-export quarantine treatments where required, and align documentation/inspection with importing-country NPPO requirements for regulated fruit fly pests.
Cold Chain And Chilling Injury MediumJackfruit has a narrow practical temperature window for quality preservation: storage below about 12°C can cause chilling injury (skin discoloration, pulp browning, off-flavors, and higher decay), while warmer conditions accelerate ripening and shorten shelf life.Control set-points near 12–14°C with high RH, avoid temperature excursions below the chilling threshold, and validate reefers and last-mile handling for temperature compliance.
Seasonality And Postharvest Loss MediumIn major producing areas, short peak seasons can overwhelm marketing and storage capacity, contributing to significant wastage and volatile availability/quality for buyers seeking consistent supply.Develop diversified outlets (fresh-cut, processed), stagger supply via cultivar selection where feasible, and invest in packaging and coordinated aggregation to reduce losses during peak harvest.
Quality Variability MediumHigh variation in fruit quality is common in seed-propagated, cross-pollinated systems, which can limit standardization for export specifications and increase sorting losses and buyer rejection risk.Increase use of vegetative propagation and validated cultivars, implement tighter maturity/defect sorting at packout, and use buyer-aligned specifications for size, external condition, and maturity stage.
Sustainability
- High seasonal gluts and short fruiting windows in key origins can drive significant food loss without adequate storage, packaging, and market absorption capacity
- Cold-chain and packaging upgrades (including fresh-cut handling) are central levers to reduce loss but increase energy and materials footprints
FAQ
What storage temperature is typically recommended for fresh jackfruit in export-oriented handling?Postharvest references commonly cite an optimum storage temperature around 13°C (often expressed as 12–14°C) with high relative humidity, with a potential postharvest life of about 2–4 weeks depending on cultivar and maturity. Keeping fruit below about 12°C increases the risk of chilling injury and quality loss.
Which countries are the main global producers of fresh jackfruit?Production is concentrated in South and Southeast Asia. India is widely cited as the largest producer, and FAO notes Bangladesh as the world’s second-largest producer; Thailand and Viet Nam are also notable producing countries with documented seasonal supply peaks.
Why can fresh jackfruit shipments face strict phytosanitary requirements or trade disruptions?Fresh jackfruit can be associated with regulated tephritid fruit fly risks, including the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), which many importing countries control through quarantine measures. As a result, exporters may face treatment, inspection, and documentation requirements, and non-compliance can lead to shipment rejection or market access delays.
Sources
Fresh Jackfruit Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Fresh Jackfruit market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
All country market pages: China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, United States, Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Netherlands, Germany, Malaysia, Philippines, Chile, Hong Kong, France, Poland, Brazil, Serbia, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Peru, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Mexico, Ecuador, Italy, Egypt, Turkiye, Belgium, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Spain, Azerbaijan, Switzerland, South Korea, South Africa, Greece, Portugal, Cambodia, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Ukraine, Israel, Sweden, Laos, Czechia, Norway, Uzbekistan, Brunei, Guatemala, Japan, Tunisia, Sri Lanka, Romania, Denmark, Qatar, Andorra, Morocco, Maldives, Bahrain, Honduras, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Jordan, Macao, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ireland, Madagascar, Slovakia, Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belarus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Croatia, Iran, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Latvia, Moldova, Montenegro, Marshall Islands, Macedonia, Myanmar [Burma], Mongolia, Malta, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Russia, Slovenia, Senegal, South Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Taiwan, Uruguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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