이 제품에 대해 글로벌 공급망 인텔리전스 네트워크에 수출업체 2,257개와 수입업체 3,049개가 색인되어 있습니다.
15,491건의 공급업체 연계 거래가 상위 20개 국가에 걸쳐 요약되어 있습니다.
현재 프리미엄 공급업체 3개와 카탈로그 항목 0개가 등록되어 있습니다.
도매 샘플 항목: 5건; 산지가 샘플 항목: 0건.
이 페이지 데이터셋의 최신 기준 연도는 2026입니다.
페이지 데이터 최종 업데이트일: 2026-04-29.
생 호두에 대한 글로벌 공급업체 거래, 수출 활동 및 가격 벤치마크
상위 20개 국가에 걸친 공급업체 연계 거래 15,491건을 분석하고, 월간 단가 벤치마크로 생 호두의 수출 경쟁력과 소싱 리스크를 추적하세요.
생 호두 국가별 공급업체 거래 및 수출 모멘텀 전년 대비 변화
생 호두의 긍정적/부정적 전년 대비 변화를 비교해 성장하는 공급 시장과 약화되는 수출 경로를 식별하세요.
생 호두의 YoY 변동 상위 국가는 아랍에미리트 (+187.8%), 중국 (+69.5%), 우크라이나 (+55.2%)입니다.
생 호두 국가별 공급업체 거래 및 단가 요약
2025-06 기준으로 생 호두 국가별 거래 건수와 월간 단가/물량을 비교해 공급업체 및 수출 시장 우선순위를 정하세요.
2025-11 기준, 노출 가능한 생 호두 거래 단가가 있는 국가는 남아프리카 (13.27 USD / kg), 에콰도르 (9.80 USD / kg), 아르헨티나 (9.61 USD / kg), 멕시코 (8.52 USD / kg), 인도 (7.06 USD / kg), 외 10개국입니다.
PerishabilityMedium (shelf-stable when properly dried; quality sensitive to moisture and oxidation over time)
Growing Conditions
Temperate production crop cultivated widely across suitable climates; commercial orchards commonly require well-drained, deep soils.
Typical production ecology includes temperate to subtropical dry-summer zones; water availability and spring weather (rain during susceptible periods) can influence disease pressure and yield outcomes.
Main VarietiesChandler, Hartley, Howard, Tulare, Serr, Vina, Franquette
Consumption Forms
In-shell walnuts (retail and foodservice)
Shelled kernels (halves and pieces) for retail, bakery, confectionery, and ingredient use
Moisture control and absence of rancidity/off-odors
Planting to HarvestTypically about 5 to 7 years from planting to an adult tree suitable for commercial harvesting (orchard dependent).
Market
Raw walnuts (in-shell and shelled kernels) are a globally traded temperate tree nut with production spanning Asia, North America, Europe, and the Southern Hemisphere. Global export supply is concentrated in a small set of origins—particularly the United States, China, Mexico, and Chile—while the European Union is a major destination market for kernels and Turkey and India are large importers for in-shell trade. Trade is strongly shaped by post-harvest handling (hulling, drying, shelling, sorting) and by buyer specifications on kernel color, defects, and food safety compliance. Seasonality is buffered by counter-seasonal Southern Hemisphere supply (notably Chile) relative to Northern Hemisphere harvest windows.
칠레Important Southern Hemisphere producer and exporter; counter-seasonal supply (UN Comtrade/WITS; Chilean walnut sector sources).
우크라이나Notable exporter of walnut kernels (UN Comtrade/WITS).
Major Exporting Countries
미국Top exporter of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024; also major in-shell exporter (HS 080231) (UN Comtrade via WITS).
멕시코Major exporter of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
중국Major exporter of in-shell (HS 080231) and shelled (HS 080232) walnuts in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
칠레Major exporter of in-shell (HS 080231) and shelled (HS 080232) walnuts in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
프랑스Significant in-shell exporter (HS 080231) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
독일Significant exporter of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024, reflecting re-export/processing roles in Europe (UN Comtrade via WITS).
Major Importing Countries
Largest importing bloc for shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024; also a major in-shell importer (HS 080231) (UN Comtrade via WITS).
독일Major importer of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
스페인Major importer of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
네덜란드Major importer of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024; gateway and redistribution role (UN Comtrade via WITS).
터키Top importer of in-shell walnuts (HS 080231) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
인도Major importer of in-shell walnuts (HS 080231) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
일본Major importer of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
대한민국Major importer of shelled walnuts (HS 080232) in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
Supply Calendar
United States (California):Aug, Sep, Oct, NovHarvest runs from late summer into autumn; commercial hulling and drying support long storage and year-round shipment.
Major VarietiesChandler, Hartley, Howard, Tulare, Serr, Vina, Franquette, Lara, Fernor
Physical Attributes
In-shell product sold by size/caliber and shell integrity; clean, intact shells are preferred for premium in-shell markets.
Kernel products are commonly specified by kernel color (e.g., extra light to amber), proportion of halves vs. pieces, and freedom from defects (mold, insect damage, foreign material).
Compositional Metrics
Moisture management after harvest is critical to shelf stability; dried kernels are oxidation-sensitive and quality programs commonly monitor indicators of rancidity during storage.
Grades
UNECE DDP-01: Walnuts, inshell (quality classes and defect tolerances for international trade).
UNECE DDP-02: Walnut kernels (quality classes, color/defects, and tolerances for international trade).
USDA AMS: U.S. Grade Standards for Walnuts in the Shell.
USDA AMS: Grades of Shelled Walnuts.
Packaging
In-shell walnuts commonly shipped in bulk (bins) and/or sacks/cartons with labeling by size and crop year.
Shelled walnuts commonly shipped in sealed food-grade liners within corrugated cartons; vacuum or inert-gas packaging is used in some supply chains to slow oxidation.
ProcessingPrimary trade forms are in-shell (HS 080231) and kernels/shelled (HS 080232); shelling and kernel sorting (halves/pieces, color, defects) are key value-add steps.
Bakery and confectionery ingredient demand (kernels/halves/pieces).
Retail snack and culinary demand for in-shell and kernel formats.
Industrial food manufacturing demand for consistent kernel specifications (color, defect tolerances, lot traceability).
Temperature
Cool, dry storage is used to slow quality deterioration; temperature control becomes more critical for shelled kernels due to oxidation/rancidity risk.
Atmosphere Control
Sealed, low-oxygen packaging (e.g., vacuum or inert gas) is used in some kernel supply chains to help preserve flavor and color during storage and transport.
Shelf Life
In-shell walnuts generally have longer storage potential than shelled kernels; kernels require stronger moisture/oxygen control to maintain sensory quality.
Risks
Supply Concentration HighGlobal walnut trade is highly exposed to a small set of exporting origins. UN Comtrade (via WITS) shows the leading exporters in 2024 for both in-shell (HS 080231) and shelled walnuts (HS 080232) are concentrated among the United States, China, Mexico, and Chile, meaning weather shocks, logistics disruption, or policy changes in any of these origins can quickly tighten global availability and raise prices.Maintain multi-origin qualification (at least two hemispheres where feasible), use a mix of in-shell and kernel programs, and contract with multiple handlers/processors to reduce single-origin dependency.
Food Safety MediumMycotoxin (aflatoxin) compliance is a recurrent trade risk for tree nuts, with the EU setting maximum levels and specific official control expectations that can lead to border rejections and additional testing burdens for non-compliant lots.Strengthen supplier QA (drying controls, storage hygiene, lot testing, and documentation) and align sampling/analysis plans with destination-market requirements.
Pests And Diseases MediumOrchard pests and diseases can materially reduce yield and marketability, including walnut blight (Xanthomonas arboricola) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which can increase defect rates and downgrade kernel quality if not controlled.Use integrated pest management (monitoring, sanitation, and targeted control programs) and diversify sourcing to reduce exposure to localized outbreaks.
Quality Deterioration MediumShelled walnuts are sensitive to oxidation and moisture-related quality loss during storage and transit; off-flavors and kernel discoloration can trigger claim risk and buyer rejection even when food safety is compliant.Control moisture and temperature, use protective packaging where appropriate, and implement shelf-life testing and first-expiry-first-out inventory discipline.
Regulatory Compliance MediumDifferences in grading references (UNECE vs. national standards) and contaminant-control frameworks across markets can create disputes on tolerances, labeling, and analytical methods, particularly for kernel defects and contaminants.Specify the governing standard (e.g., UNECE DDP-01/DDP-02 or USDA) in contracts and pre-align COA parameters, sampling, and dispute resolution terms.
Sustainability
Water stewardship and irrigation management in semi-arid and Mediterranean-type production zones where commercial orchards are common.
Post-harvest energy use for drying and storage as a material contributor to supply chain footprint.
FAQ
Which countries are the biggest exporters of raw walnuts?UN Comtrade data accessed via the World Bank WITS tool shows that 2024 exports are concentrated among a few origins. For in-shell walnuts (HS 080231), China, the United States, and Chile are leading exporters; for shelled walnuts/kernels (HS 080232), the United States, Mexico, China, and Chile are the leading exporters.
Which markets import the most shelled walnuts (kernels)?According to UN Comtrade data accessed via WITS for 2024 (HS 080232), the European Union is the largest importing bloc for shelled walnuts, with major individual import markets including Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.
What international quality standards are commonly used for walnut trade contracts?UNECE publishes widely referenced standards for both forms: DDP-01 for in-shell walnuts and DDP-02 for walnut kernels. In U.S.-linked supply chains, USDA AMS grade standards for walnuts in the shell and for shelled walnuts are also commonly referenced to define quality and defect tolerances.
Why are aflatoxins a trade risk for walnuts?Aflatoxins are regulated contaminants in many destination markets. The European Commission sets maximum levels through EU legislation and specifies official control expectations (including sampling and analysis rules), so non-compliant nut shipments can face increased testing, border holds, or rejection.