The article highlights the potential of sesame seed cultivation in Ukraine, with profitability reaching up to 700% and net profit around 70,000 UAH / ha. The Askanian State Agricultural Research Station is experimenting with growing sesame in the arid steppe of Ukraine, with plans to expand from a 30 m2 experimental plot to 5 hectares. Due to the high demand for sesame seeds in Ukraine for oil production and the confectionery and baking industry, it is more profitable than growing wheat. However, the lack of special equipment for peeling the seeds is currently preventing profitable sales. The station is also working on developing a new variety of sesame that is more resistant to drought, temperature fluctuations, and seed weathering.