The final Chinese import duties on dairy products from the European Union are clearly lower than previously expected. In December, China announced preliminary duties on cream and cheese that could rise to over 42 percent. Depending on the product category and the company involved, the rates range between 7.4 and 11.7 percent. Many European dairy companies face an import duty of 9.5 percent. This keeps the damage more limited than initially expected. FrieslandCampina is subject to the highest rate imposed on all European companies on the list. The Chinese investigation into possible dumping of dairy products on the Chinese market primarily concerned products such as cream and cheese. China imported $589 million in dairy products subject to the investigation in 2024. At the same time, the duties could benefit ...