In 2023, Brazil suspended all tilapia imports from Vietnam, the sole exporter of tilapia to Brazil that year, due to concerns over the TiLV virus and the use of polyphosphate in tilapia fillets. This decision, affecting 25 metric tons valued at USD 118,000, underscores Brazil's commitment to agricultural defense and the protection of its domestic aquaculture industry. Meanwhile, Brazil's imports of Vietnamese pangasius increased by 19 percent to USD 113 million in 2023, despite a projected 51 percent decline in 2024. The Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers (VASEP) expressed concerns that the tilapia import suspension might foreshadow similar restrictions on pangasius, highlighting Brazil's history of employing sanitary and technical barriers to safeguard its domestic producers.