The article highlights the confusion and concern among Polish producers and exporters due to the conflicting protectionist policies of the Russian Federation and the European Union (EU, including Belarus) towards domestic vegetable production. Starting August 2014, both Russia and Belarus have imposed export bans on Polish vegetables, while allowing Russian vegetables, especially those produced in modern greenhouse facilities with lower heating costs, to enter the Polish market freely. This one-sided ban not only disadvantages Polish producers but also increases the competitiveness of Russian vegetables during the ongoing energy crisis. In contrast, Polish producers face rising production costs, especially in heating crops, making it challenging for them to compete. Significant imports of cucumbers from Russia and Belarus, amounting to thousands of tons, have been noted, with concerns about the lack of transparency in the origin of these imports and the potential impact on the Polish market.