A study by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon institute has found that bottom trawling in the North Sea leads to the release of around one million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere annually. The study, published in the journal Biogeosciences, also shows that restrictions on fishing in certain areas could benefit both marine life and carbon storage. The institute suggests that avoiding carbon-rich muddy grounds and using alternative fishing methods could reduce emissions. The study also highlights the need to consider the ecosystem service of carbon storage in the designation of marine protected areas.