Sub Product
Derived Products
HS Code
110290
Last Updated
2026-03-30
Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Rye Flour market coverage spans 139 countries.
- 248 exporter companies and 213 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 585 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 20 countries.
- 0 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 5.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-03-30.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Rye Flour
Analyze 585 supplier-linked transactions across the top 20 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Rye Flour.
Rye Flour Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Rye Flour to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Rye Flour: South Africa (+107.0%), Ukraine (+85.8%), Russia (-85.6%).
Rye Flour Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-05, benchmark Rye Flour country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Rye Flour transaction unit prices: Italy (6.55 USD / kg), Mexico (4.17 USD / kg), Poland (3.20 USD / kg), Australia (3.13 USD / kg), United States (1.90 USD / kg), 9 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | -40.2% | 108 | 7.20 USD / kg (2,483.57 kg) | 1.58 USD / kg (99,533.951 kg) | 4.29 USD / kg (45,989.71 kg) | 2.51 USD / kg (122,520.689 kg) | 2.00 USD / kg (42,485.644 kg) | 1.90 USD / kg (24,952.821 kg) | ||||||
| Germany | -34.7% | 59 | 0.83 USD / kg (22,085 kg) | 0.76 USD / kg (41,925 kg) | 0.61 USD / kg (66,110 kg) | 0.59 USD / kg (39,835 kg) | 0.56 USD / kg (18,975 kg) | 0.62 USD / kg (85,535.9 kg) | ||||||
| France | -37.1% | 55 | 1.15 USD / kg (5,700 kg) | 0.99 USD / kg (22,250 kg) | 1.11 USD / kg (5,000 kg) | 1.01 USD / kg (25,121 kg) | 0.91 USD / kg (28,580 kg) | 1.23 USD / kg (18,095 kg) | ||||||
| South Africa | +107.0% | 73 | 6.70 USD / kg (124 kg) | 2.09 USD / kg (44.92 kg) | 5.24 USD / kg (46.56 kg) | - (-) | 7.08 USD / kg (1,520.58 kg) | 1.43 USD / kg (26.28 kg) | ||||||
| Russia | -85.6% | 64 | 0.27 USD / kg (154,786.44 kg) | 0.37 USD / kg (85,825 kg) | 0.65 USD / kg (-) | - (-) | 0.45 USD / kg (74,000 kg) | 0.34 USD / kg (449,629.24 kg) | ||||||
| Mexico | -1.3% | 35 | 4.80 USD / kg (2,948.96 kg) | 4.60 USD / kg (1,172.16 kg) | - (-) | 5.57 USD / kg (226.8 kg) | 5.65 USD / kg (1,068.04 kg) | 4.17 USD / kg (1,786.8 kg) | ||||||
| Canada | -5.0% | 21 | 0.85 USD / kg (40,320 kg) | 0.87 USD / kg (900 kg) | 0.83 USD / kg (21,000 kg) | 0.80 USD / kg (1,000 kg) | 0.84 USD / kg (30,020 kg) | 0.84 USD / kg (65,720 kg) | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | +12.8% | 11 | 0.31 USD / kg (4,500 kg) | - (-) | 0.25 USD / kg (67,800 kg) | 0.25 USD / kg (67,800 kg) | 0.28 USD / kg (77,700 kg) | 0.25 USD / kg (67,800 kg) | ||||||
| Ukraine | +85.8% | 49 | 0.47 USD / kg (46,187.6 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | 0.43 USD / kg (81,390 kg) | 0.52 USD / kg (31,375.442 kg) | 0.56 USD / kg (2,628 kg) | ||||||
| Liechtenstein | - | 23 | 0.31 USD / kg (194,800 kg) | 0.32 USD / kg (218,800 kg) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) | - (-) |
Rye Flour Global Supply Chain Coverage
461 companies
248 exporters and 213 importers are mapped for Rye Flour.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Rye Flour, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Rye Flour Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
248 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Rye Flour. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Rye Flour Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 248 total exporter companies in the Rye Flour supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Germany)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-01-01
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food Manufacturing
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-02-28
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 1 - 10 Employees
Industries: Crop Production
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / Packing
Exporting Countries: Georgia
Supplying Products: Rye Flour, Dark Rye Flour
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-02-28
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food PackagingFood ManufacturingAnimal Production
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleFarming / Production / Processing / Packing
Exporting Countries: Uzbekistan
Supplying Products: Rye Flour, Dark Rye Flour
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-02-28
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 51 - 100 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food WholesalersFood PackagingCrop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Farming / Production / Processing / PackingFood ManufacturingDistribution / Wholesale
(France)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-11-17
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 51 - 100 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: OthersFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: OthersFood Manufacturing
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-04-24
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food ManufacturingCrop Production
Value Chain Roles: Food ManufacturingFarming / Production / Processing / Packing
Exporting Countries: Uzbekistan
Supplying Products: Rye Flour
Rye Flour Global Exporter Coverage
248 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Rye Flour supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Rye Flour opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Rye Flour (HS Code 110290) in 2024
For Rye Flour in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thailand | 165,152,160.54 kg | 161,694,998.32 USD | View → |
| 2 | India | 62,623,616 kg | 69,884,380.38 USD | View → |
| 3 | Germany | 78,585,105 kg | 60,887,553.909 USD | View → |
| 4 | United States | 39,207,097 kg | 47,694,545 USD | View → |
| 5 | Canada | 29,089,144 kg | 30,522,222.507 USD | View → |
| 6 | Belgium | 30,401,501.37 kg | 28,505,767.922 USD | View → |
| 7 | Netherlands | 19,289,401 kg | 22,964,499.293 USD | View → |
| 8 | Portugal | 27,646,878.069 kg | 22,063,613.471 USD | View → |
| 9 | Australia | 15,763,026.54 kg | 15,520,217.914 USD | View → |
| 10 | Spain | 20,502,155.08 kg | 14,663,740.663 USD | View → |
Rye Flour Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Rye Flour exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Rye Flour Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
213 importer companies are mapped for Rye Flour demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Rye Flour Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 213 total importer companies tracked for Rye Flour. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(India)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-01-01
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 51 - 100 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 5M - 10M
Industries: OthersFood ManufacturingFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: -
(Costa Rica)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-02-28
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food ManufacturingFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Panama
(Azerbaijan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-02-28
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Crop ProductionFood ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Uzbekistan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-10-16
Recently Import Partner Companies: 2
Industries: Food PackagingCrop ProductionFood Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(Uzbekistan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-02-28
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food ManufacturingFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Ukraine)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-02-28
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Industries: Food WholesalersOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
213 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Rye Flour.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Rye Flour buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Rye Flour (HS Code 110290) in 2024
For Rye Flour in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 82,322,031 kg | 77,399,518 USD | View → |
| 2 | Canada | 31,341,326.622 kg | 43,227,052.32 USD | View → |
| 3 | Netherlands | 50,101,265 kg | 35,640,059.867 USD | View → |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 34,512,276.531 kg | 34,855,399.747 USD | View → |
| 5 | Poland | 36,929,897.754 kg | 32,808,741 USD | View → |
| 6 | Belgium | 47,306,845.77 kg | 31,018,347.105 USD | View → |
| 7 | Germany | 30,277,704.986 kg | 29,512,106.609 USD | View → |
| 8 | Malaysia | 27,347,111.37 kg | 26,697,779.035 USD | View → |
| 9 | Philippines | 27,410,392.88 kg | 19,645,294 USD | View → |
| 10 | Italy | 10,114,841 kg | 12,466,233.605 USD | View → |
Rye Flour Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Rye Flour origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Rye Flour
Rye Flour Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Rye Flour wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Rye Flour wholesale unit prices: Ukraine (0.63 USD / kg), Austria (0.24 USD / kg), Czechia (0.22 USD / kg), Germany (0.20 USD / kg), Poland (0.17 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland | 0.20 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.17 USD / kg | 0.17 USD / kg | 0.17 USD / kg | ||||||
| Germany | 0.23 USD / kg | 0.22 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.20 USD / kg | 0.20 USD / kg | ||||||
| Ukraine | 0.60 USD / kg | 0.63 USD / kg | 0.63 USD / kg | 0.64 USD / kg | 0.64 USD / kg | 0.63 USD / kg | ||||||
| Czechia | 0.23 USD / kg | 0.23 USD / kg | 0.23 USD / kg | 0.22 USD / kg | 0.23 USD / kg | 0.22 USD / kg | ||||||
| Austria | 0.24 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg | 0.25 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg |
Rye Flour Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Rye Flour wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 5 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
| Rank | Country | Average | Lower | Upper | YoY | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poland | 0.18 USD / kg | 0.16 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | +14.5% | View → |
| 2 | Germany | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.19 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg | +1.9% | View → |
| 3 | Ukraine | 0.62 USD / kg | 0.47 USD / kg | 0.73 USD / kg | +33.2% | View → |
| 4 | Czechia | 0.23 USD / kg | 0.21 USD / kg | 0.24 USD / kg | -2.4% | View → |
| 5 | Austria | 0.24 USD / kg | 0.22 USD / kg | 0.25 USD / kg | +14.7% | View → |
Latest Rye Flour Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Rye Flour wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-01 | Mil**** *** * ************ ****** | 219.29 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Бор**** **** ****** * ** ****** * ******* **** | 0.71 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Mil**** *** * ************ ******** | 208.15 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Mil**** *** * ************ ******** | 214.01 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Mil**** *** * ************ **** | 240.40 USD / kg |
Global Farmgate Supplier Price Trends by Country for Rye Flour
Rye Flour Monthly Farmgate Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Rye Flour farmgate unit-price benchmarks by country to monitor supplier-side cost movement.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Rye Flour farmgate unit prices: Hungary (0.59 USD / kg).
Rye Flour Farmgate Cost Trends by Major Exporting Supplier Countries
Compare Rye Flour farmgate price levels and YoY changes across the top 4 exporting countries to understand origin-side supplier cost structure.
Latest Rye Flour Farmgate Export Cost Updates
Review the latest 5 Rye Flour farmgate updates to monitor origin-side export cost and supplier pricing shifts.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-12-01 | Rye ***** ******** * *** * | 0.54 USD / kg | |
| 2025-12-01 | Rye ***** ******** * *** * | 0.71 USD / kg | |
| 2025-10-01 | Rye ***** ********* * *** * | 396.18 USD / kg | |
| 2025-06-01 | Rye ***** * * *** * | 327.40 USD / kg | |
| 2025-05-01 | Rye ***** * * *** * | 196.58 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeIngredient
Product FormDry (Milled Flour)
Industry PositionFood Ingredient
Market
Rye flour is a milled cereal ingredient used primarily in bread and baked goods, with global supply anchored in Northern Hemisphere rye-growing regions. Production of rye grain is concentrated in Europe and parts of Eurasia, which shapes milling availability and exportable surplus for rye flour and rye-based ingredients. International trade in rye flour is smaller and more regionally concentrated than major wheat flours, with cross-border flows often tied to neighboring markets and specialty bakery demand. Market dynamics are strongly influenced by cereal price cycles, crop quality variability, and food-safety compliance for cereal contaminants.
Major Producing Countries
- RussiaAmong the largest global rye grain producers; influences milling supply in Eurasia.
- GermanyMajor European rye producer and processor; strong bakery demand base.
- PolandSignificant rye producer in the EU; supports regional milling and trade.
- BelarusNotable rye producer in Eastern Europe; regional supply contributor.
- UkraineRye production contributes to regional grain and milling availability, subject to disruption risks.
Supply Calendar
- European Union (Northern & Eastern Europe):Jul, Aug, SepMain cereal harvest window; storage and year-round milling smooth supply.
- Russia (European Russia):Aug, SepLate-summer harvest pattern typical for northern cereals.
- North America (Canada / Northern United States):Aug, SepLate-summer harvest window; rye is a smaller crop than wheat but supports specialty milling.
Specification
Major VarietiesWinter rye, Spring rye, Hybrid rye
Physical Attributes
- Flour color ranges from light to dark depending on extraction rate and wholegrain content
- Distinct rye aroma and flavor profile compared with wheat flour
- Granulation/particle size varies by milling and intended use (bread vs crispbread vs blends)
Compositional Metrics
- Moisture content specification to support shelf stability and flowability
- Ash content as a proxy for extraction rate (light vs whole rye flour differentiation)
- Protein content and baking performance metrics used in buyer specifications
- Falling number and other enzyme-activity indicators relevant to bread quality consistency
- Compliance testing for cereal contaminants (e.g., ergot alkaloids and mycotoxins) required in many markets
Grades
- Food-grade rye flour (often specified by ash/extraction and intended bakery use)
- Whole rye flour / wholemeal rye flour (higher bran content; distinct shelf-life behavior)
- Industrial/bulk bakery grade (customer-specific specs)
- Feed-grade rye meal (where traded outside food channels)
Packaging
- Bulk pneumatic tankers or silo-truck deliveries for industrial bakeries
- Big bags (FIBCs) for industrial users
- 25 kg paper/PP bags for bakery and wholesale channels
- Retail packs for consumer baking (moisture-barrier packaging emphasized)
ProcessingHigher arabinoxylan (pentosan) content increases water absorption and affects dough handlingSourdough fermentation is commonly used to manage rye functionality and improve sensory outcomesWholegrain rye flour is more prone to quality changes during storage than refined fractions due to higher lipid/bran content
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Rye cultivation and harvest → cleaning/drying → on-farm or elevator storage → transport to mill → cleaning/tempering → milling and sifting → flour blending/spec testing → packaging (bulk/bag) → distribution to bakeries and food manufacturers
Demand Drivers
- Staple and traditional rye-bread consumption in Europe (e.g., Germany, Poland, Nordic and Baltic markets) and parts of Eurasia
- Specialty and artisanal baking (sourdough, craft breads) supporting premium and niche demand
- Wholegrain and high-fiber positioning in packaged bakery products and mixes
Temperature
- Primarily a dry-goods supply chain: quality depends on low humidity storage, moisture control, and pest management rather than refrigeration
- Avoid condensation and temperature swings that can cause caking and increase spoilage/pest risk
Shelf Life
- Shelf life is typically measured in months under cool, dry, pest-controlled storage; wholegrain rye flour generally has a shorter practical shelf life than more refined fractions
- Oxidation, moisture uptake, and insect infestation are key shelf-life limiting factors in storage and transit
Risks
Food Safety HighCereal contaminant risks (notably ergot contamination and mycotoxins) can trigger shipment rejection, recalls, or forced diversion to non-food uses, tightening food-grade supply and creating sudden price and availability shocks for rye flour buyers.Apply supplier approval plus lot-level testing against buyer/regulatory thresholds; use robust cleaning/sorting and documented HACCP controls; diversify origins and maintain contingency blends/spec options.
Climate MediumHeat, drought, and extreme rainfall events in Northern Hemisphere cereal regions can reduce rye yields and degrade grain quality, impacting mill extraction yields and baking performance consistency.Multi-origin sourcing with quality-based substitution plans; forward contracting with quality clauses; maintain monitoring of crop conditions and harvest quality reports.
Geopolitics MediumBecause rye production is concentrated in Europe and parts of Eurasia, trade can be disrupted by regional conflict, sanctions, or Black Sea and overland logistics constraints that ripple into milling inputs and regional flour availability.Build alternative supplier lanes in the EU and North America where feasible; evaluate inventory buffers and logistics redundancy for critical bakery inputs.
Logistics MediumBulk and bagged flour shipments are sensitive to moisture ingress, pests, and handling damage; disruptions in inland freight, port congestion, or container availability can raise landed costs and increase quality claims.Use moisture-barrier packaging and dry, sealed conveyance; implement inbound inspection and supplier packaging standards; qualify multiple logistics providers.
Sustainability
- Climate-driven yield variability in Northern Hemisphere cereal belts affecting rye availability and prices
- Fertilizer- and fuel-related greenhouse gas footprint in cereal production and milling logistics
- Soil health and crop-rotation practices influencing long-run resilience (rye often integrated into rotations in some regions)
Labor & Social
- Occupational safety risks in grain handling, milling, and warehousing (grain dust exposure and dust explosion hazards) requiring strong OHS controls
- Migrant and seasonal labor considerations in parts of European agriculture and food processing supply chains
FAQ
What are the main quality parameters buyers specify for rye flour in international trade?Common buyer specifications focus on moisture control, ash content (to distinguish light vs whole rye), baking performance indicators such as enzyme activity (e.g., falling number), and compliance testing for cereal contaminants like ergot alkaloids and mycotoxins.
Why is food-safety testing a critical risk-control step for rye flour?Rye and other cereals can face contaminant risks such as ergot and mycotoxins; if a lot fails buyer or regulatory thresholds, it can be rejected or diverted away from food use, tightening supply and disrupting procurement plans.
Where is global rye production most concentrated, shaping rye flour availability?Global rye production is concentrated in Europe and parts of Eurasia, with major producing countries including Russia, Germany, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine, which together influence regional milling supply and trade flows.
Sources
Rye Flour Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Rye Flour market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
All country market pages: Germany, Spain, Poland, Canada, Netherlands, Russia, United States, France, Ukraine, Czechia, Latvia, Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Australia, Portugal, Sweden, South Korea, Austria, Japan, Bulgaria, Vietnam, South Africa, Slovakia, Costa Rica, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Italy, Turkiye, New Zealand, Uzbekistan, Mexico, Nigeria, Norway, Singapore, China, Lithuania, Belgium, Estonia, Thailand, India, Mongolia, Egypt, Malaysia, Moldova, Hong Kong, Cambodia, Myanmar [Burma], Azerbaijan, Chile, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Tanzania, Oman, Greece, Guatemala, Liberia, Indonesia, Ireland, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Kazakhstan, El Salvador, Peru, Israel, Switzerland, Ecuador, Bolivia, Philippines, Andorra, Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Bermuda, Brunei, Brazil, Bahamas, Botswana, Belize, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Cuba, Cyprus, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Honduras, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Laos, Liechtenstein, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Morocco, Montenegro, Madagascar, Macedonia, Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Pakistan, Paraguay, Qatar, Serbia, Senegal, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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