Poland recorded a record high of 16.8 million tons of cereal grain exports between January 2022 and July 2023, with 7.7 million tons exported in 2023 alone, a 57% increase from the previous year. Most of the exports were wheat (53%) and corn (35%). The majority of the grain was exported to the EU market, particularly Germany and the Netherlands, but 40% went to non-EU countries such as Nigeria and South Africa. The grain was primarily exported by sea through ports in Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Świnoujście. The volume of grain exports may be influenced by competition from Russia, Ukraine, the USA, Canada, and Brazil.