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일자
항목명
단가 (USD)
2025-06-01
Sal* ****************** * * **** *
0.23 USD / kg
2024-10-01
Sal* ********** * *** *
0.98 USD / kg
2024-09-01
Sal* * * *** *
1.29 USD / kg
2024-09-01
Sal* ***** * *** *
0.72 USD / kg
2024-09-01
Sal* ***** **** * *** *
0.67 USD / kg
Classification
Product TypeIngredient
Product FormSolid (Crystalline/Granular)
Industry PositionFood Ingredient
Market
Salt (sodium chloride) is a globally produced mineral commodity traded in both food and industrial grades, with supply sourced from rock mining, solution mining, and solar evaporation. USGS reporting on global salt output consistently places China, the United States, and India among the major producing countries. International trade is strongly shaped by bulk logistics economics because salt is high-volume and typically low unit value, making freight and energy costs a primary determinant of delivered competitiveness. Food-grade trade is anchored to purity and contaminant control expectations (including Codex food-grade salt guidance), while industrial demand is closely tied to chlor-alkali and other chemical value chains.
Major Producing Countries
중국Consistently listed among the largest global producers in USGS salt reporting.
미국Major producer with diversified sources (rock, brine/solution, solar) reflected in USGS reporting.
인도Major producer with large solar salt output in coastal/arid regions, reflected in USGS reporting.
Specification
Major VarietiesRock salt (mined), Vacuum salt (solution-mined and evaporated), Solar sea salt (evaporated), Refined/table salt, Iodized salt
Physical Attributes
Granulation/particle size (fine to coarse) tailored to end use (table, bakery, brining, industrial)
Low moisture to reduce caking during storage and transport
Color/whiteness and visual cleanliness are common buyer-facing quality cues for food-grade salt
Compositional Metrics
Sodium chloride (NaCl) purity level
Moisture content
Insoluble matter and foreign material control
Impurity/contaminant specifications (e.g., heavy metals) aligned to food-grade requirements
For iodized salt: iodine fortification specification and stability over shelf life
Grades
Food grade (aligned to Codex food-grade salt expectations)
Bulk shipment (rail/truck/ship) for industrial and de-icing applications
Intermediate bulk containers/big bags for industrial distribution
Bagged salt for retail and foodservice (consumer packs and larger sacks)
ProcessingScreening/sieving to target particle size distributionWashing/refining to remove insolubles and improve purity/appearanceDrying to control moisture and reduce caking riskAdditive dosing for flow (anti-caking agents) where permitted/neededIodization (fortification) for public health programs where required by national regulation
Supply Chain
Value Chain
Rock/solution/solar production -> purification/refining (as needed) -> drying -> screening/grading -> optional iodization/additives -> packaging or bulk loading -> domestic distribution and export
Demand Drivers
Industrial chemical demand (especially chlor-alkali value chains) driving large-volume industrial salt movements
Food processing demand for consistent granulation and purity (bakery, processed meats, snacks, sauces, dairy)
De-icing demand in cold-climate markets creating seasonal consumption spikes and stockpiling behavior
Public health iodization programs influencing food-grade salt specifications and labeling requirements
Shelf Life
Salt is generally shelf-stable over long periods if kept dry; moisture ingress can cause caking and handling problems
Iodized salt may require tighter packaging and storage practices to maintain fortification stability over time
Risks
Energy And Logistics HighGlobal salt trade is highly exposed to energy and freight cost shocks because salt is typically moved in large bulk volumes and delivered cost is often dominated by transport and energy inputs (especially for vacuum-evaporated routes). Disruptions in fuel prices, shipping availability, or inland logistics can quickly change which origins are competitive and can interrupt downstream industrial and food supply continuity.Diversify origin and mode options (rail/truck/sea), contract freight capacity where feasible, and maintain strategic inventories near major consumption hubs (industrial users and de-icing markets).
Climate MediumSolar salt output is weather-dependent; abnormal rainfall patterns, storms, or humidity can reduce evaporation efficiency, lower yields, and affect crystal quality and drying requirements. This can tighten availability of certain sea-salt supply streams and shift demand to alternative production routes.Qualify multiple production routes (solar, rock, solution/vacuum) and pre-plan substitution specs for end uses that can tolerate different salt sources.
Food Safety MediumFood-grade salt is exposed to contamination and non-conformance risks (foreign matter, insolubles, and chemical contaminants) that can trigger rejections, recalls, or import detentions. Requirements vary by market and are commonly benchmarked against Codex-aligned expectations for food-grade salt quality and contaminants.Implement supplier QA programs with routine contaminant testing, robust lot traceability, and verified cleaning/drying/sieving controls tailored to food-grade specifications.
Regulatory Compliance LowIodization and additive permissions differ by jurisdiction, affecting formulation, labeling, and acceptable additive systems (e.g., anti-caking agents). Regulatory changes can force reformulation or relabeling and complicate multi-market supply planning for packaged food-grade salt.Maintain market-by-market specification matrices for iodization and permitted additives; segregate SKUs and documentation for regulated destinations.
Sustainability
Brine management and salinity impacts (discharge and land/water interface) in solution mining and evaporation operations
Energy use and associated emissions for vacuum evaporation and drying-intensive refining routes
Local habitat and land-use impacts of large solar saltworks in coastal/arid environments
Labor & Social
Occupational health and safety risks in mining, crushing, and bulk material handling (dust, heavy equipment, confined spaces)
Worker protections and traceability challenges in informal or small-scale artisanal salt production in some regions
FAQ
Is salt supply seasonal like agricultural crops?In general, salt supply is less seasonal than crops because it is produced year-round from rock mining and solution mining; however, solar sea-salt output can be weather-dependent and more variable in unusually wet or humid periods.
Why can freight costs strongly affect which countries supply salt in international trade?Salt is typically shipped in large bulk volumes and is often relatively low unit value, so transport and energy costs can make up a large share of delivered cost and can quickly change which origins are most competitive.
What determines whether salt is considered food grade versus industrial grade?Food-grade salt is primarily defined by tighter purity, foreign-matter control, and contaminant limits aligned with food safety expectations (including Codex-related guidance), while industrial grades are specified for downstream technical uses such as chemical feedstocks or de-icing performance.