Sub Product
Raw Materials
HS Code
040610
Last Updated
2026-04-09
Key takeaways for search and sourcing teams
- Curd Cheese market coverage spans 147 countries.
- 1,121 exporter companies and 1,203 importer companies are indexed in the global supply chain intelligence network for this product.
- 11,035 supplier-linked transactions are summarized across the top 20 countries.
- 1 premium suppliers and 0 catalog items are currently listed.
- Wholesale sample entries: 5; farmgate sample entries: 0.
- Latest reference year in this page dataset is 2026.
- Page data last updated on 2026-04-09.
Global Supplier Transactions, Export Activity, and Price Benchmarks for Curd Cheese
Analyze 11,035 supplier-linked transactions across the top 20 countries, with monthly unit-price benchmarks to track export competitiveness and sourcing risk for Curd Cheese.
Curd Cheese Country YoY Change in Supplier Transactions and Export Momentum
Compare positive and negative YoY shifts in Curd Cheese to identify accelerating supplier markets and weakening export corridors.
Top YoY shifts for Curd Cheese: Belgium (+92.1%), Russia (+40.1%), United States (+35.4%).
Curd Cheese Country-Level Supplier Transaction and Unit Price Summary
As of 2025-05, benchmark Curd Cheese country transaction counts with monthly unit price and volume to prioritize supplier and export markets.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Curd Cheese transaction unit prices: Belgium (22.39 USD / kg), Spain (13.84 USD / kg), Lithuania (12.25 USD / kg), France (9.58 USD / kg), Liechtenstein (9.12 USD / kg), 15 more countries.
| Country | YoY Change | Transaction Count | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | +35.4% | 975 | 5.22 USD / kg (404,582.178 kg) | 4.85 USD / kg (346,040.49 kg) | 3.66 USD / kg (317,796.869 kg) | 6.37 USD / kg (172,284.981 kg) | 3.88 USD / kg (481,754.8 kg) | 4.06 USD / kg (365,187.735 kg) | ||||||
| Italy | +11.9% | 596 | 7.94 USD / kg (57,004.208 kg) | 7.24 USD / kg (189,151.767 kg) | 9.11 USD / kg (26,414.12 kg) | 6.15 USD / kg (168,314.823 kg) | 8.96 USD / kg (70,830.722 kg) | 7.68 USD / kg (86,564.31 kg) | ||||||
| Germany | +7.3% | 407 | 5.44 USD / kg (355,078.569 kg) | 5.71 USD / kg (303,049.24 kg) | 5.51 USD / kg (40,067.3 kg) | 5.78 USD / kg (165,110.621 kg) | 5.45 USD / kg (242,381.07 kg) | 5.92 USD / kg (326,931.47 kg) | ||||||
| France | +12.4% | 355 | 9.39 USD / kg (338,658.266 kg) | 8.36 USD / kg (486,010.143 kg) | 9.85 USD / kg (618,318.82 kg) | 8.99 USD / kg (454,026.073 kg) | 7.04 USD / kg (160,294.398 kg) | 9.58 USD / kg (234,492.636 kg) | ||||||
| Turkiye | -22.4% | 149 | 4.03 USD / kg (41,165.5 kg) | 2.86 USD / kg (11,848 kg) | 1.97 USD / kg (13,474.672 kg) | - (-) | 4.20 USD / kg (66,831.544 kg) | 2.66 USD / kg (59,503.794 kg) | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | -6.3% | 1,984 | 2.86 USD / kg (3,099,851.233 kg) | 2.88 USD / kg (2,683,468.678 kg) | 2.80 USD / kg (2,467,780.086 kg) | 2.67 USD / kg (2,440,065.913 kg) | 2.89 USD / kg (2,623,681.258 kg) | 2.89 USD / kg (3,081,137.231 kg) | ||||||
| Ukraine | +13.6% | 1,420 | 3.52 USD / kg (709,493.967 kg) | 3.38 USD / kg (549,806.742 kg) | 4.83 USD / kg (21,231.09 kg) | 3.38 USD / kg (741,752.668 kg) | 3.56 USD / kg (428,870.358 kg) | 3.70 USD / kg (658,228.482 kg) | ||||||
| Poland | +12.1% | 936 | 4.93 USD / kg (487,562.845 kg) | 4.95 USD / kg (418,894.326 kg) | 4.53 USD / kg (31,187.17 kg) | 5.24 USD / kg (333,189.18 kg) | 5.46 USD / kg (228,156.395 kg) | 5.07 USD / kg (563,148.045 kg) | ||||||
| Russia | +40.1% | 277 | 5.98 USD / kg (35,558.303 kg) | 5.10 USD / kg (4,012 kg) | 3.75 USD / kg (112 kg) | - (-) | 5.17 USD / kg (54,418.553 kg) | 5.60 USD / kg (37,766.687 kg) | ||||||
| Spain | +9.8% | 222 | 15.36 USD / kg (9,381.7 kg) | 13.12 USD / kg (29,123.34 kg) | 10.31 USD / kg (32,214.12 kg) | 13.66 USD / kg (32,509.04 kg) | 12.46 USD / kg (42,177.95 kg) | 13.84 USD / kg (45,119.62 kg) |
Curd Cheese Global Supply Chain Coverage
2,324 companies
1,121 exporters and 1,203 importers are mapped for Curd Cheese.
Exporters and importers can use Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to identify counterparties for Curd Cheese, benchmark reach, and prioritize outreach by market.
Curd Cheese Export Supplier Intelligence, Trade Flows, and Price Signals
1,121 exporter companies are mapped in Tridge Supply Chain Intelligence for Curd Cheese. Exporters and importers can use company profiles and analytics to evaluate supplier coverage, trading activity, and route opportunities.
Curd Cheese Verified Export Suppliers and Premium Partners
1 premium Curd Cheese suppliers include country, industry, and contactability signals to prioritize credible export partners faster.
ALIFOOD SRL
Italy
Food ManufacturingOthersBrokers And Trade Agencies
Become a Premium Supplier to join the Tridge Supply Chain Network and advance your marketing and export channel strategy.
Curd Cheese Top Exporters and Supplier Profiles
Review leading exporter profiles while benchmarking against 1,121 total exporter companies in the Curd Cheese supply chain intelligence network. Exporters and importers can unlock company profiles and analytics to qualify partners faster.
(Netherlands)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-02-05
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food ManufacturingOthers
Value Chain Roles: OthersFood Manufacturing
(Germany)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-08
Employee Size: 11 - 50 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food Services And Drinking PlacesFood ManufacturingFood Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / WholesaleTrade
(Bulgaria)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-12-17
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: Distribution / Wholesale
(Ukraine)
Latest Export Transaction: 2025-11-11
Recently Export Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food ManufacturingDistribution / Wholesale
(Russia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-08
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food Manufacturing
(Latvia)
Latest Export Transaction: 2026-03-08
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: Food Manufacturing
Curd Cheese Global Exporter Coverage
1,121 companies
Exporter company count is a key signal for Curd Cheese supply depth and sourcing optionality.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics to narrow Curd Cheese opportunities by country, product, and value-chain role, then open company profiles to validate fit.
Top Exporting Countries for Curd Cheese (HS Code 040610) in 2024
For Curd Cheese in 2024, compare export volume and value across the top 10 supplier countries to map core supply structure.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Italy | 326,906,855 kg | 2,051,303,783.308 USD | View → |
| 2 | Germany | 430,288,020.223 kg | 1,721,325,567.355 USD | View → |
| 3 | Denmark | 276,040,252 kg | 1,068,892,481.728 USD | View → |
| 4 | Netherlands | 128,973,020 kg | 595,889,022.517 USD | View → |
| 5 | United States | 122,735,566 kg | 586,446,612 USD | View → |
| 6 | Belgium | 113,267,298.17 kg | 456,450,656.426 USD | View → |
| 7 | Poland | 121,947,198.245 kg | 443,116,978 USD | View → |
| 8 | Australia | 98,352,257.27 kg | 431,139,347.744 USD | View → |
| 9 | New Zealand | 84,859,389 kg | 365,054,708.507 USD | View → |
| 10 | Ireland | 44,043,802 kg | 277,309,025.744 USD | View → |
Curd Cheese Export Trade Flow and Partner Country Summary
Track Curd Cheese exporter-to-importer flows by value, volume, and share to uncover high-potential export routes.
Curd Cheese Import Buyer Intelligence, Demand Signals, and Price Benchmarks
1,203 importer companies are mapped for Curd Cheese demand intelligence. Use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to prioritize buyers, distributors, and downstream demand partners by market.
Curd Cheese Top Buyers, Importers, and Demand Partners
Review leading buyer profiles and compare them against 1,203 total importer companies tracked for Curd Cheese. Exporters and importers can use Supply Chain Intelligence company profiles and analytics to evaluate buyer quality and demand concentration.
(Russia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-08
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: Over 1000 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD Over 1B
Industries: Food WholesalersOthers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Kazakhstan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-10-29
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: Others
Value Chain Roles: -
(Georgia)
Latest Import Transaction: 2026-03-08
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Industries: OthersFood ManufacturingFood Packaging
Value Chain Roles: -
(Kazakhstan)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-09-17
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food Manufacturing
Value Chain Roles: -
(United States)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-10-21
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 1 - 10 Employees
Industries: Food WholesalersAlcohol Wholesalers
Value Chain Roles: -
(Ukraine)
Latest Import Transaction: 2025-12-23
Recently Import Partner Companies: 1
Employee Size: 101 - 500 Employees
Sales Revenue: USD 10M - 50M
Industries: Food Services And Drinking Places
Value Chain Roles: -
Global Importer Coverage
1,203 companies
Importer company count highlights the current depth of demand-side visibility for Curd Cheese.
Use Supply Chain Intelligence analytics and company profiles to identify active Curd Cheese buyers, compare partner density by country, and refine GTM priorities.
Top Import Demand Countries for Curd Cheese (HS Code 040610) in 2024
For Curd Cheese in 2024, compare import volume and value across the top 10 demand countries to identify priority markets.
| Rank | Country | Volume | Value | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Italy | 273,066,721 kg | 1,189,235,567.969 USD | View → |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 197,542,802 kg | 873,305,783.554 USD | View → |
| 3 | Germany | 200,636,959.341 kg | 840,144,647.146 USD | View → |
| 4 | Spain | 152,525,923.8 kg | 624,832,797.295 USD | View → |
| 5 | Netherlands | 211,790,059 kg | 621,773,536.426 USD | View → |
| 6 | Japan | 79,034,470 kg | 388,728,375.46 USD | View → |
| 7 | South Korea | 78,921,986.307 kg | 374,500,857 USD | View → |
| 8 | Belgium | 87,554,931.79 kg | 374,021,225.566 USD | View → |
| 9 | Poland | 61,588,487 kg | 281,884,567 USD | View → |
| 10 | Romania | 55,816,505.659 kg | 240,186,731.1 USD | View → |
Curd Cheese Import Trade Flow and Origin Country Summary
Analyze Curd Cheese origin-to-destination trade flows by value, volume, and share to monitor demand-side sourcing channels.
Global Wholesale Supplier Price Trends by Country for Curd Cheese
Curd Cheese Monthly Wholesale Supplier Price Summary by Country
Monthly Curd Cheese wholesale unit-price benchmarks by country for export and sourcing decisions.
In 2025-10, countries with visible Curd Cheese wholesale unit prices: Brazil (5.51 USD / kg), Ukraine (4.87 USD / kg), Poland (3.89 USD / kg).
| Country | 2025-05 | 2025-06 | 2025-07 | 2025-08 | 2025-09 | 2025-10 | 2025-11 | 2025-12 | 2026-01 | 2026-02 | 2026-03 | 2026-04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland | 3.83 USD / kg | 3.90 USD / kg | 3.84 USD / kg | 3.91 USD / kg | 3.95 USD / kg | 3.89 USD / kg | ||||||
| Brazil | 5.47 USD / kg | 5.48 USD / kg | 5.61 USD / kg | 5.85 USD / kg | 5.61 USD / kg | 5.51 USD / kg | ||||||
| Ukraine | 3.67 USD / kg | 5.65 USD / kg | 5.39 USD / kg | 5.31 USD / kg | 5.25 USD / kg | 4.87 USD / kg |
Curd Cheese Wholesale Price Competitiveness by Major Exporting Countries
Compare Curd Cheese wholesale price ranges and YoY changes across the top 3 exporting countries to benchmark supplier price competitiveness.
Latest Curd Cheese Wholesale Export Price Updates
Use the latest 5 Curd Cheese wholesale updates to validate current export price points and origin-level supplier changes.
| Date | Entry Name | Unit Price (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03-01 | Тво*** ** ***** **** *** ** ** ****** ***** * ******* **** | 1.28 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | ЖМЗ *** ************ * ** ***** * ******* **** | 4.88 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Нар**** * ****** *** * ********* ** * ********** ***** * ******* **** | 1.23 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Бри*** *********** ****** ** **** ***** * ******* **** | 1.12 USD / kg | |
| 2026-03-01 | Сир ****** ***** * ******* **** | 13.01 USD / kg |
Classification
Product TypeProcessed Food
Product FormFresh (Unripened/Uncured), Chilled
Industry PositionProcessed Dairy Product
Market
Curd cheese is a globally traded category of unripened (fresh) cheeses typically moving under HS 0406.10 (fresh/unripened cheese, including whey cheese and curd). Global trade is strongly Europe-centered, with multiple EU dairy-processing countries appearing among the largest exporters and importers, reflecting dense intra-regional flows and established chilled distribution networks. Because the product is high-moisture and not aged, international shipments depend on continuous refrigeration and strong hygiene controls, which tends to favor regional trade and shorter transit times. Food safety management (notably control of Listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated ready-to-eat dairy) is a defining risk and compliance driver in cross-border trade.
Major Producing Countries
- GermanyMajor dairy processing hub; largest exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- ItalyLarge producer and trader of fresh cheeses; among top exporters and the top importer by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- DenmarkSignificant exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- FranceLarge dairy market and processor; among top exporters and importers for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- NetherlandsKey dairy trading and logistics node; among top exporters and importers for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
Major Exporting Countries
- GermanyTop exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- ItalyTop-tier exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- DenmarkTop-tier exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- FranceTop-tier exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- NetherlandsTop-tier exporter by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
Major Importing Countries
- ItalyLargest importer by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- FranceTop importer by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- United KingdomTop importer by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- GermanyTop importer by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
- SpainTop importer by value for HS 040610 in 2024 (UN Comtrade via WITS).
Specification
Major VarietiesCottage cheese, Quark (curd cheese), Tvorog / farmer cheese, Paneer, Queso fresco-type fresh cheeses, Ricotta / whey cheese (category inclusion under HS 040610 in many customs classifications)
Physical Attributes
- Unripened (ready for consumption shortly after manufacture)
- High-moisture, soft to semi-soft texture (granular curds to smooth spreadable forms depending on style)
- Typically white to off-white appearance with mild dairy flavor profile
Compositional Metrics
- Buyer specifications commonly reference fat content category (e.g., full-fat vs reduced-fat), moisture/solids, salt level, and pH/acid development depending on style
- Microbiological and pathogen criteria are central for refrigerated ready-to-eat dairy (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes control programs)
Grades
- Codex group standard for unripened cheese (including fresh cheese) provides compositional and ingredient framing used as a reference point in standards-based trade
Packaging
- Retail plastic tubs/cups with foil seals and secondary cartons (common for quark/cottage cheese)
- Vacuum packs or thermoformed packs (common for paneer and some fresh curd styles)
- Foodservice/bulk packs such as pails, bags-in-box, or large sealed tubs for industrial kitchens and further processing
ProcessingRequires continuous chilled storage and distribution; quality is sensitive to time-temperature abuseNot aged/ripened, so it lacks the maturation hurdle that can reduce certain pathogen risks in some hard cheeses
Supply Chain
Value Chain
- Raw milk collection and chilled transport -> intake testing and standardization -> pasteurization -> culture/acidification and/or enzyme coagulation -> curd cutting/draining (and washing for some styles) -> blending (e.g., cream/salt where applicable) -> chilled packaging -> refrigerated distribution
Demand Drivers
- Convenience-oriented consumption as a chilled dairy staple (breakfast/snack use in many markets)
- Use as an ingredient in cooking and baking (e.g., fillings, sauces, prepared foods)
- Product segmentation into full-fat, reduced-fat, and flavored variants in modern retail
Temperature
- Chilled cold-chain management is essential from post-process cooling through retail to limit spoilage and reduce pathogen growth opportunities in high-moisture products
Atmosphere Control
- High-barrier packaging and, in some formats, modified atmosphere packaging can support quality retention; however, hygiene and refrigeration remain primary controls
Shelf Life
- Short refrigerated shelf life compared with ripened cheeses; trade and distribution patterns often emphasize regional supply and reliable refrigerated logistics
Risks
Food Safety HighListeria monocytogenes is a deal-breaker risk for curd/fresh cheeses because they are high-moisture, refrigerated ready-to-eat foods that can be contaminated during processing and can support Listeria growth even under refrigeration; outbreaks and recalls linked to fresh soft cheeses have been repeatedly documented.Implement Codex-aligned dairy hygiene controls, robust environmental monitoring for Listeria in processing areas, validated pasteurization controls, and strict separation of raw vs post-lethality zones with rapid corrective actions.
Cold Chain Logistics MediumQuality and safety depend on uninterrupted refrigeration; temperature excursions during storage or transport can accelerate spoilage and increase microbiological risk, shrinking sellable windows and elevating recall exposure.Use continuous temperature monitoring, qualify logistics partners, validate packaging performance, and align inventory rotation with realistic transit and retail dwell times.
Milk Supply And Pricing MediumCurd cheese costs and availability are sensitive to raw milk supply dynamics, feed costs, and broader dairy commodity cycles, creating margin volatility for processors and price instability for buyers.Use indexed contracts/hedging where available, diversify milk sourcing, and maintain flexible product mix (e.g., fat-standardized variants) to manage input swings.
Regulatory Compliance MediumImporting markets can impose stringent sanitary controls (microbiological criteria, facility approvals, certification, labeling, and additive permissions) that can delay shipments or restrict market access if documentation or process controls fall short.Map target-market SPS requirements, maintain audit-ready HACCP/FSMS documentation, and align additive use and labeling with Codex and destination-country rules.
Animal Health MediumTransboundary animal diseases (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease) can disrupt dairy production and trigger trade restrictions on animal products, affecting supply continuity and cross-border availability.Monitor official animal health status and movement controls, diversify origin risk across disease-status zones where feasible, and maintain contingency sourcing plans.
Sustainability
- Greenhouse gas emissions and climate footprint of dairy supply (enteric methane and manure management) are a recurring ESG focus in dairy value chains
- Energy intensity of refrigeration across manufacturing and distribution increases exposure to energy price volatility and decarbonization requirements
- Packaging waste considerations are relevant due to common use of single-serve plastic cups/tubs and multilayer lids in chilled dairy
Labor & Social
- Worker health and safety in dairy processing plants (sanitation chemicals, cold environments, machinery hazards)
- Migrant and seasonal labor conditions in dairy farming in several major producing regions
- Animal welfare scrutiny in intensive dairy systems, with downstream reputational implications for branded dairy products
FAQ
Which countries are the largest exporters of curd/fresh cheese in global trade?Using HS 040610 (fresh/unripened cheese, including whey cheese and curd) as the closest global trade proxy, the top exporters by value in 2024 were Germany, Italy, Denmark, France, and the Netherlands (UN Comtrade data accessed via the World Bank WITS platform).
What is the biggest food safety risk for curd (fresh) cheese in international trade?Listeria monocytogenes is a primary concern because fresh soft cheeses are high-moisture, refrigerated ready-to-eat foods that can be contaminated during processing and can allow Listeria to grow even at refrigeration temperatures; Codex guidance and public health agencies have repeatedly linked outbreaks to fresh soft cheeses and raw-milk cheese.
What international standards are commonly referenced for unripened (fresh) cheeses?Codex provides a group standard for unripened cheese including fresh cheese (Codex STAN 221-2001) and hygiene guidance for milk and milk products (CXC 57-2004), which are widely used as reference points for composition/ingredients and hygienic production expectations in standards-based trade.
Sources
Curd Cheese Country Coverage for Suppliers, Export Flows, and Prices
Explore country-level Curd Cheese market pages for supplier coverage, trade flows, and price benchmarks.
All country market pages: Germany, Italy, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain, Poland, South Korea, United States, Canada, Ireland, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Belgium, Japan, China, New Zealand, Czechia, Austria, Latvia, Switzerland, Jordan, Slovenia, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Mexico, Sweden, Brazil, Colombia, Finland, Argentina, Kuwait, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Taiwan, Belarus, Greece, Philippines, Armenia, Lithuania, Romania, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Hungary, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Turkiye, Peru, Iraq, Nicaragua, Egypt, Paraguay, Mongolia, Slovakia, Chile, Serbia, Estonia, Liechtenstein, Vietnam, Croatia, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Dominican Republic, Ukraine, Iceland, Malaysia, Cyprus, Moldova, South Africa, Azerbaijan, Georgia, El Salvador, Tajikistan, Andorra, Albania, Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Benin, Bermuda, Brunei, Bhutan, Botswana, Belize, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Cuba, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Honduras, Israel, India, Iran, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Laos, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Morocco, Montenegro, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Macedonia, Myanmar [Burma], Macao, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, Oman, Panama, Pakistan, Qatar, Seychelles, Singapore, Senegal, Swaziland, Togo, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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